Environmental Biology enables students to develop a nuanced understanding of today’s most pressing environmental issues. This text helps students grasp the scientific foundation of these issues so that they can better understand the world around them and their impact upon it. This open textbook covers the most salient environmental issues, from a biological perspective. The text is designed for an introductory-level college science course. Topics include the fundamentals of ecology, biodiversity, pollution, climate change, food production, and human population growth.
Computational Biology: Genomes, Networks, Evolution
Concept Development Studies in Chemistry
Concept Development Studies in Chemistry is an on-line textbook for an Introductory General Chemistry course. Each module develops a central concept in Chemistry from experimental observations and inductive reasoning. This approach complements an interactive or active learning teaching approach.
Chemistry - Atoms First is a peer-reviewed, openly licensed introductory textbook produced through a collaborative publishing partnership between OpenStax and the University of Connecticut and UConn Student Government Association. This title is an adaptation of the OpenStax Chemistry text and covers scope and sequence requirements of the two-semester general chemistry course. Reordered to fit an atoms first approach, this title introduces atomic and molecular structure much earlier than the traditional approach, delaying the introduction of more abstract material so students have time to acclimate to the study of chemistry. Chemistry: Atoms First also provides a basis for understanding the application of quantitative principles to the chemistry that underlies the entire course.
Organic Chemistry With a Biological Emphasis: Volumes II
A free, open-access organic chemistry textbook (volumes I and II) in which the main focus is on relevance to biology and medicine. This is a PDF version of a wiki project called Chemwiki at the University of California, Davis. There are also supplementary materials, such as PowerPoint slides and a solutions manual available for this textbook at the Chemwiki website.
Organic Chemistry With a Biological Emphasis: Volumes I
Open-access organic chemistry textbook (volumes I and II) in which the main focus is on relevance to biology and medicine. This is a PDF version of a wiki project called Chemwiki at the University of California, Davis. There are also supplementary materials, such as PowerPoint slides and a solutions manual available for this textbook at the Chemwiki website.
The book examines the underlying principles that guide effective teaching in an age when everyone,and in particular the students we are teaching, are using technology. A framework for making decisions about your teaching is provided, while understanding that every subject is different, and every instructor has something unique and special to bring to their teaching. The book enables teachers and instructors to help students develop the knowledge and skills they will need in a digital age: not so much the IT skills, but the thinking and attitudes to learning that will bring them success.
Database Design - 2nd Edition covers database systems and database design concepts. New to this edition are SQL info, additional examples, key terms and review exercises at the end of each chapter.
Students need to understand systems and the systems concept, and they need to understand the role of ICT in enabling systems. Students will learn the characteristics of good systems (e.g., intuitive, likable, error-resistant, fast, flexible, and the like). Knowing the characteristics of good systems will permit students to demand well designed systems and to suggest how existing systems should be changed. Students need to understand the affordances, directions, and limits of hardware, software, and networks in both personal and organizational dimensions. They also need to appreciate that, as technical capabilities change and new ones arise, more opportunities to apply ICT for efficiency, effectiveness, and innovation are afforded. They need to understand the process for developing and implementing new or improved systems and the activities of IS professionals in this process.
There are plenty of books that teach introductory data structures. Some of them are very good. Most of them cost money, and the vast majority of computer science undergraduate students will shell out at least some cash on a data structures book.
This is a textbook for first year Computer Science. Algorithms and Data Structures With Applications to Graphics and Geometry.
This Microbiology textbook, adapted from the Boundless version, is intended to provide health care professionals with a working knowledge of infectious disease. Much of the book is devoted to the structure/function relationships in pathogenic microorganisms and how these relationships are expressed in host-parasite interactions. The text also examines Microbial diseases of specific organ systems as well as host response mechanisms.
Psychology is the scientific study of mind (mental processes) and behavior. The word “psychology” comes from the Greek words “psyche,” meaning life, and “logos,” meaning explanation. Because we are frequently exposed to the work of psychologists in our everyday lives, we all have an idea about what psychology is and what psychologists do.
Life. Every single living thing has something in common—do you know what that is? The clue is in the title! In this learning package you will learn all about cells—the parts and the functions of those parts. By learning about the basic building block of life, scientists, and you, can have a better understanding of the workings of your body and of all living things. You’ll understand what happens when all the parts are working well, and what can happen when a part malfunctions.
Principles of Social Psychology - 1st International Edition
Principles of Social Psychology-1st International Edition was adapted by Rajiv Jhangiani and Hammond Tarry from Charles Stagnor’s textbook Principles of Social Psychology. For information about what was changed in this adaptation, refer to the Copyright statement at the bottom of the home page. The adaptation is a part of the B.C. Open Textbook project. In October 2012, the B.C. Ministry of Advanced Education announced its support for the creation of open textbooks for the 40 highest-enrolled first and second year subject areas in the province’s public post-secondary system. Open Textbooks are open educational resources (OER); they are instructional resources created and shared in ways so that more people have access to them. That’s a different model than traditionally copyrighted materials. OER are defined as “teaching, learning, and research resources that reside in the public domain or have been released under an intellectual property license that permits their free use and re-purposing by others” (Hewlett Foundation). Our open textbooks are openly licensed using a Creative Commons license, and are offered in various e-book formats.
A lecture on Circulatory Derangements by Dr. Gerald Abrams, M.D. This lecture was taught as a part of the University of Michigan Medical School's M1 - Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sequence. View the course materials: http://open.umich.edu/education/med/m1/cardioresp/fall2008/materials Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ Help us caption and translate this video on Amara.org: http://www.amara.org/en/v/B5Bt/
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A lecture on Circulatory Derangements by Dr. Gerald Abrams, M.D. This lecture was taught as a part of the University of Michigan Medical School's M1 - Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sequence. View the course materials: http://open.umich.edu/education/med/m1/cardioresp/fall2008/materials Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ Help us caption and translate this video on Amara.org: http://www.amara.org/en/v/B5Bs/ Help us caption & translate this video! http://amara.org/v/B5Bs/
Surgical Excision of a Multi-Lobular, Recurrent, Bartholin Duct Cyst
Warning: Viewer discretion is advised, this medical content is graphic and may not be suitable for all viewers. This surgical video describes the etiology, diagnosis, and management of uncomplicated Bartholin duct cysts. The video provides specific attention to the pre-operative approach to recurrent and/or complicated Bartholin duct cysts, and demonstrates the surgical approach to a complicated, recurrent Bartholin duct cyst. Suggestions for surgical techniques are provided. Copyright 2011 Caren M Stalburg, Sarah Wallet, and Hope K. Haefner. Terms of Use: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ Help us caption and translate this video: http://www.amara.org/en/v/B5CA/ Help us caption & translate this video! http://amara.org/v/B5CA/
A lecture on Hemoglobinopathies by Dr. David Ginsburg, M.D. This lecture was taught as a part of the University of Michigan Medical School's M1 - Patients and Populations Sequence. View the course materials: http://open.umich.edu/education/med/m1/patientspop-genetics/fall2008/materials. Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ Help us caption and translate this video: http://www.amara.org/en/videos/LhfjxDzh1zha/info/hemoglobinopathies-part-2/
A lecture on Hemoglobinopathies by Dr. David Ginsburg, M.D. This lecture was taught as a part of the University of Michigan Medical School's M1 - Patients and Populations Sequence. View the course materials: http://open.umich.edu/education/med/m1/patientspop-genetics/fall2008/materials. Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ Help us caption and translate this video: http://www.amara.org/en/v/B4zS/
The pre-analytical phase is defined as the period from the physician’s indication of the test up to the laboratory analysis of the biological material. In other words, this phase involves an individual’s preparation for collection of the biological material, the collection itself, storage of the collected sample and its transport to the laboratory, and preparation of the sample for the assay. The importance of this phase is also supported by many publications mentioning the fact that up to 46–68 % of erroneous results are caused by failure to follow or respect the pre-analytical phase rules. That is why the primary task of the laboratory is to provide clients with all necessary instructions (on patient preparation, sample collection, biological material storage and transport, pre-analytical sample treatment) so as to minimize the risk of errors that could consequently cause harm to the patient. All this information is summarized in the manuals of testing laboratories.
These are lecture notes for AME 20231, Thermodynamics, a sophomore-level undergraduate course taught in the Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering at the University of Notre Dame. The objective of the course is to survey practical and theoretical problems in classical thermodynamics. The emphasis is on the axiomatic approach to equilibrium thermodynamics and its application to practical devices. However, there are some brief appeals to the non-equilibrium and molecular underpinnings of thermodynamics. The notes draw often on the text speciﬁed for the course, Borgnakke and Sonntag’s (BS) Fundamentals of Thermodynamics, Seventh Edition, John Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, 2009, especially Chapters 1-12, 14, and 17. In general the nomenclature of BS is used, and much of the notes follow a similar structure as the text. Some example problems have been directly taken from BS and other texts; speciﬁc citations are given where appropriate. These notes emphasize problem-solving and rigorous development of the underlying classical theory; the student should call on other reference materials to ﬁll some of the gaps. It should also be remembered that practice is essential to the learning process; the student would do well to apply the techniques presented here by working many problems. An unusual aspect of the notes is the inclusion of accompanying text and ﬁgures related to the history of classical thermodynamics. Where possible, citations of original work are provided; most citations are linked directly to the original source material via click-able text. Additionally, an extensive annotated bibliography is provided. This is an attempt to ﬁll gaps in most modern undergraduate texts, which at best provide small guidance to original thermodynamics scholarship.
Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering University of Notre Dame
Active Calculus is different from most existing calculus texts in at least the following ways: the text is freely readable online in HTML format and is also available for in PDF; in the electronic format, graphics are in full color and there are live links to java applets; version 2.0 now contains WeBWorK exercises in each chapter, which are fully interactive in the HTML format and included in print in the PDF; the text is open source, and interested users can gain access to the original source files on GitHub; the style of the text requires students to be active learners — there are very few worked examples in the text, with there instead being 3-4 activities per section that engage students in connecting ideas, solving problems, and developing understanding of key calculus concepts; each section begins with motivating questions, a brief introduction, and a preview activity, all of which are designed to be read and completed prior to class; following the WeBWorK exercises in each section, there are several challenging problems that require students to connect key ideas and write to communicate their understanding. For more information, see the author's website and blog. License: Creative Commons Attribution Sharealike Noncommercial. This license is very open. It allows reuse, remixing, and distribution, but prohibits commercial use and requires any remixes use the same license as the original. This limits where the content can be remixed into, but on the other hand ensures that no-one can remix the content then put the remix under a more restrictive license. The non-commercial clause can make getting printed copies of remixes challenging depending upon how strictly the authors interpret the clause.
Concepts of Biology-1st Canadian Edition
In this survey text, directed at those not majoring in biology, we dispel the assumption that a little learning is a dangerous thing. We hope that by skimming the surface of a very deep subject, biology, we may inspire you to drink more deeply and make more informed choices relating to your health, the environment, politics, and the greatest subject that are all of us are entwined in, life itself.
Precalculus: An Investigation of Functions (Includes Trig) 2nd Ed
The first portion of the book is an investigation of functions, exploring the graphical behavior of, interpretation of, and solutions to problems involving linear, polynomial, rational, exponential, and logarithmic functions. An emphasis is placed on modeling and interpretation, as well as the important characteristics needed in calculus. The second portion of the book introduces trigonometry. Trig is introduced through an integrated circle/triangle approach. Identities are introduced in the first chapter, and revisited throughout. Likewise, solving is introduced in the second chapter and revisited more extensively in the third chapter. As with the first part of the book, an emphasis is placed on motivating the concepts and on modeling and interpretation. This book attempts to find a balance between a modern approach to precalculus focusing on applications, problem solving, and concepts and a traditional approach, emphasizing the basic skills needed for calculus. The second edition adds sections on real and complex roots of polynomials, dot product, and a new chapter on conics. License: Creative Commons Attribution Sharealike. This license is considered to be some to be the most open license. It allows reuse, remixing, and distribution (including commercial), but requires any remixes use the same license as the original. This limits where the content can be remixed into, but on the other hand ensures that no-one can remix the content then put the remix under a more restrictive license.
Precalculus: An Investigation of Functions (Includes Trig) 1st Ed
The first portion of the book is an investigation of functions, exploring the graphical behavior of, interpretation of, and solutions to problems involving linear, polynomial, rational, exponential, and logarithmic functions. An emphasis is placed on modeling and interpretation, as well as the important characteristics needed in calculus. The second portion of the book introduces trigonometry. Trig is introduced through an integrated circle/triangle approach. Identities are introduced in the first chapter, and revisited throughout. Likewise, solving is introduced in the second chapter and revisited more extensively in the third chapter. As with the first part of the book, an emphasis is placed on motivating the concepts and on modeling and interpretation. This book attempts to find a balance between a modern approach to precalculus focusing on applications, problem solving, and concepts and a traditional approach, emphasizing the basic skills needed for calculus. License: Creative Commons Attribution Sharealike. This license is considered to be some to be the most open license. It allows reuse, remixing, and distribution (including commercial), but requires any remixes use the same license as the original. This limits where the content can be remixed into, but on the other hand ensures that no-one can remix the content then put the remix under a more restrictive license.
Active Calculus is different from most existing calculus texts in at least the following ways: the text is free for download by students and instructors in .pdf format; in the electronic format, graphics are in full color and there are live html links to java applets; the text is open source, and interested instructors can gain access to the original source files upon request; the style of the text requires students to be active learners — there are very few worked examples in the text, with there instead being 3-4 activities per section that engage students in connecting ideas, solving problems, and developing understanding of key calculus concepts; each section begins with motivating questions, a brief introduction, and a preview activity, all of which are designed to be read and completed prior to class; the exercises are few in number and challenging in nature. License: Creative Commons Attribution Sharealike Noncommercial. This license is very open. It allows reuse, remixing, and distribution, but prohibits commercial use and requires any remixes use the same license as the original. This limits where the content can be remixed into, but on the other hand ensures that no-one can remix the content then put the remix under a more restrictive license. The non-commercial clause can make getting printed copies of remixes challenging depending upon how strictly the authors interpret the clause.
This is the Elementary Algebra textbook used by the Department of Mathematics in their Elementary Algebra course at College of the Redwoods, Eureka, California. License: Creative Commons Attribution Sharealike Noncommercial. This license is very open. It allows reuse, remixing, and distribution, but prohibits commercial use and requires any remixes use the same license as the original. This limits where the content can be remixed into, but on the other hand ensures that no-one can remix the content then put the remix under a more restrictive license. The non-commercial clause can make getting printed copies of remixes challenging depending upon how strictly the authors interpret the clause.
Department of Mathematics, College of the Redwoods
The OpenIntro project was founded in 2009 to improve the quality and availability of education by producing exceptional books and teaching tools that are free to use and easy to modify. The inaugural effort is OpenIntro Statistics. Probability is optional, inference is key, and we feature real data whenever possible. License: Creative Commons Attribution Sharealike. This license is considered to be some to be the most open license. It allows reuse, remixing, and distribution (including commercial), but requires any remixes use the same license as the original. This limits where the content can be remiThe OpenIntro project was founded in 2009 to improve the quality and availability of education by producing exceptional books and teaching tools that are free to use and easy to modify. The inaugural effort is OpenIntro Statistics. Probability is optional, inference is key, and we feature real data whenever possible. License: Creative Commons Attribution Sharealike. This license is considered to be some to be the most open license. It allows reuse, remixing, and distribution (including commercial), but requires any remixes use the same license as the original. This limits where the content can be remixed into, but on the other hand ensures that no-one can remix the content then put the remix under a more restrictive license.xed into, but on the other hand ensures that no-one can remix the content then put the remix under a more restrictive license.
Introductory Chemistry - 1st Canadian Edition
The goal of this textbook is not to make you an expert. True expertise in any field is a years-long endeavor. Here I will survey some of the basic topics of chemistry. This survey should give you enough knowledge to appreciate the impact of chemistry in everyday life and, if necessary, prepare you for additional instruction in chemistry. Throughout each chapter, I present two features that reinforce the theme of the textbook—that chemistry is all around you. The first is a feature titled, appropriately, “Chemistry Is Everywhere.” Chemistry Is Everywhere” focuses on the personal hygiene products that you may use every morning: toothpaste, soap, and shampoo, among others. These products are chemicals, aren’t they? Ever wonder about the chemical reactions that they undergo to give you clean and healthy teeth or shiny hair? I will explore some of these chemical reactions in future chapters. But this feature makes it clear that chemistry is, indeed, everywhere. The other feature focuses on chemistry that you likely indulge in every day: eating and drinking. In the “Food and Drink App,” I discuss how the chemistry of the chapter applies to things that you eat and drink every day. Carbonated beverages depend on the behavior of gases, foods contain acids and bases, and we actually eat certain rocks. (Can you guess which rocks without looking ahead?) Cooking, eating, drinking, and metabolism—we are involved with all these chemical processes all the time. These two features allow us to see the things we interact with every day in a new light—as chemistry.
Mathematical Methods for Physics and Engineering
The third edition of this highly acclaimed undergraduate textbook is suitable for teaching all the mathematics ever likely to be needed for an undergraduate course in any of the physical sciences. As well as lucid descriptions of all the topics covered and many worked examples, it contains more than 800 exercises. A number of additional topics have been included and the text has undergone significant reorganisation in some areas.
This workbook was created through the efforts of instructors at Scottsdale Community College in Scottsdale, Arizona, has been used by thousands of students, and is continually improved. This workbook contains have lessons that were carefully and thoughtfully crafted to lead students on a path to understanding numbers and arithmetic. License: Creative Commons Attribution Sharealike. This license is considered to be some to be the most open license. It allows reuse, remixing, and distribution (including commercial), but requires any remixes use the same license as the original. This limits where the content can be remixed into, but on the other hand ensures that no-one can remix the content then put the remix under a more restrictive license.
Beginning and Intermediate Algebra was designed to reduce textbook costs to students while not reducing the quality of materials. This text includes many detailed examples for each section along with several problems for students to practice and master concepts. Complete answers are included for students to check work and receive immediate feedback on their progress. Topics covered include: pre-algebra review, solving linear equations, graphing linear equations, inequalities, systems of linear equations, polynomials, factoring, rational expressions and equations, radicals, quadratics, and functions including exponential, logarithmic and trigonometric. License: Creative Commons Attribution. This license is considered to be some to be the most open license since it is the least restrictive. It allows reuse, remixing, and distribution (including commercial), only requiring attribution. The content can be remixed into content of other license, but on the other hand it allows the remix to be put under a more restrictive license.
A clear, methodical approach to topics in prealgebra, with good explanations of concepts. This book includes plenty of examples and then exercises. Equation solving is started earlier and used throughout. Geometric topics (e.g., area and perimeter) are presented throughout the text so students might actually remember them. The applications (word problems) are mostly realistic, and the applications are spread throughout the text, not isolated in a few sections. License: Creative Commons Attribution Sharealike Noncommercial. This license is very open. It allows reuse, remixing, and distribution, but prohibits commercial use and requires any remixes use the same license as the original. This limits where the content can be remixed into, but on the other hand ensures that no-one can remix the content then put the remix under a more restrictive license. The non-commercial clause can make getting printed copies of remixes challenging depending upon how strictly the authors interpret the clause.
A pre-algebra text, written by Angela Milano from American River College. For each section the text includes a student activity, narrative text with examples, and exercises. License: Creative Commons Attribution Sharealike Noncommercial. This license is very open. It allows reuse, remixing, and distribution, but prohibits commercial use and requires any remixes use the same license as the original. This limits where the content can be remixed into, but on the other hand ensures that no-one can remix the content then put the remix under a more restrictive license. The non-commercial clause can make getting printed copies of remixes challenging depending upon how strictly the authors interpret the clause.
This workbook was created through the efforts of three instructors at Scottsdale Community College in Scottsdale, Arizona, has been used by thousands of students, and is continually improved. This workbook contains have lessons that were carefully and thoughtfully crafted to lead students on a path to understanding numbers and arithmetic. License: Creative Commons Attribution Sharealike. This license is considered to be some to be the most open license. It allows reuse, remixing, and distribution (including commercial), but requires any remixes use the same license as the original. This limits where the content can be remixed into, but on the other hand ensures that no-one can remix the content then put the remix under a more restrictive license.
This book is a course on arithmetic designed for college students. It covers whole numbers, fractions, decimals, percents, ratios and proportions, measurement, and integers. Geometry and statistics are integrated throughout the text rather than covered in independent sections. The textbook does not include exercises. Instead, a collection of handouts/worksheets is available, as well as online homework. License: Creative Commons Attribution. This license is considered to be some to be the most open license since it is the least restrictive. It allows reuse, remixing, and distribution (including commercial), only requiring attribution. The content can be remixed into content of other license, but on the other hand it allows the remix to be put under a more restrictive license.
Nietzsche on Power, Knowledge and Morality
Foundations of Modern Social Thought (SOCY 151) Today we take a bridge into the twentieth century, constructed by Nietzsche, Freud, and Weber's critical theory. Each author is different in important ways, but they also agree on two crucial points: we must subject our consciousness and assumptions to critical scrutiny and, along with increasing liberation and rationalization in some ways, modern society also has repressive elements. Nietzsche is the oldest of these thinkers; he dies in 1900 and stops working a decade before due to mental illness. While he was ill, his sister, a proto-Nazi and associate of Hitler, cared for him. Her control of his papers and how they were released to the public painted him as a proto-Nazi himself, but reading his whole oeuvre illuminates that Nietzsche subjected Judaism and Christianity to the same scrutiny. In The Genealogy of Morals, Nietzsche attempts to use the genealogy method to be critical of modern morality without taking a certain vantage point. We discuss most specifically his genealogy of the ideas of good and bad and of good and evil. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Nietzsche, Freud and Weber and The Problem of Modernity 10:23 - Chapter 2. Nietzsche in a Historical Context 25:35 - Chapter 3. Nietzsche's Major Works 33:21 - Chapter 4. Major Themes in "On the Genealogy of Morals" Complete course materials are available at the Yale Online website: online.yale.edu This course was recorded in Fall 2009.
YaleCourses published via YouTube.com
Calculus Early Transcendental: an Open Text
Calculus: Early Transcendentals, originally by D. Guichard, has been redesigned by the Lyryx editorial team. Substantial portions of the content, examples, and diagrams have been redeveloped, with additional contributions provided by experienced and practicing instructors. This approachable text provides a comprehensive understanding of the necessary techniques and concepts of the typical Calculus course sequence, and is suitable for the standard Calculus I, II and III courses. To practice and develop an understanding of topics, this text offers a range of problems, from routine to challenging, with selected solutions. As this is an open text, instructors and students are encouraged to interact with the textbook through annotating, revising, and reusing to your advantage. Suggestions for contributions to this growing textbook are welcome.
A Friendly Introduction to Differential Equations
n this book, there are five chapters: The Laplace Transform, Systems of Homogeneous Linear Differential Equations (HLDE), Methods of First and Higher Orders Differential Equations, Extended Methods of First and Higher Orders Differential Equations, and Applications of Differential Equations. In addition, there are exercises at the end of each chapter above to let students practice additional sets of problems other than examples, and they can also check their solutions to some of these exercises by looking at "Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises" section at the end of this book. This book is a very useful for college students who studied Calculus II, and other students who want to review some concepts of differential equations before studying courses such as partial differential equations, applied mathematics, and electric circuits II. This book is available online for free in google books and ResearchGate in PDF format under a Creative Commons license.
In this book, there are five chapters: Systems of Linear Equations, Vector Spaces, Homogeneous Systems, Characteristic Equation of Matrix, and Matrix Dot Product. It has also exercises at the end of each chapter above to let students practice additional sets of problems other than examples, and they can also check their solutions to some of these exercises by looking at “Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises” section at the end of this book. This book is very useful for college students who studied Calculus I, and other students who want to review some linear algebra concepts before studying a second course in linear algebra. This book is available online for free in google books and ResearchGate in PDF format under a Creative Commons license.
The lecture notes contain topics of real analysis usually covered in a 10-week course: the completeness axiom, sequences and convergence, continuity, and differentiation. The lecture notes also contain many well-selected exercises of various levels. Although these topics are written in a more abstract way compared with those available in some textbooks, teachers can choose to simplify them depending on the background of the students. For instance, rather than introducing the topology of the real line to students, related topological concepts can be replaced by more familiar concepts such as open and closed intervals. Some other topics such as lower and upper semicontinuity, differentiation of convex functions, and generalized differentiation of non-differentiable convex functions can be used as optional mathematical projects. In this way, the lecture notes are suitable for teaching students of different backgrounds.
Portland State University Library Portland,
Sociology: Understanding and Changing the Social World
The book includes the most recent data in the following categories, so your students have access to the latest sociological trends: crime and victimization, income and poverty, life expectancy and aging, employment, marriage and divorce, education, medical care and health disparities, and fertility and population change.
In this book we have set out to provide a practical guide to bone marrow diagnosis, based on an integrated assessment of peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirate films, trephine biopsy sections and various supplementary investigations. We believe that a trephine biopsy specimen should not be examined and interpreted in isolation. We have therefore discussed the clinical context of bone marrow diagnosis and have given equal weight to cytological and histological features. Since bone marrow diagnosis is no longer based on morphological features alone we have also, in this edition, discussed in considerable detail the role of immunophenotypic, cytogenetic and molecular genetic analysis.
Foundations of Computation is a free textbook for a one-semester course in theoretical computer science. It has been used for several years in a course at Hobart and William Smith Colleges.
Carol Critchlow, Hobart and William Smith Colleges David Eck, Hobart and William Smith Colleges
This book presents standard intermediate microeconomics material and some material that, in the authors' view, ought to be standard but is not. Introductory economics material is integrated. Standard mathematical tools, including calculus, are used throughout. The book easily serves as an intermediate microeconomics text, and can be used for a relatively sophisticated undergraduate who has not taken a basic university course in economics.
Preston McAfee, Caltech Tracy Lewis, Duke University
Malaria parasites are highly species specific. No animal reservoir for human malaria parasites.Malaria: Plasmodium Species of Human Disease
Introduction to Sociology - The Sociological Imagination - Part 1
The Sociological Imagination: Who We Are and How We Got Here - Part 1--This course provides a sampling of problems and methods used by sociologists, with concrete examples from everyday life, history, and contemporary events.
New York University published via YouTube.com
This book starts by presenting an overview of the statistical thought process. By the end of chapter 2, students are already familiar with concepts such as hypotheses, level of significance, p-values, errors. Normally these topics are not introduced until after a discussion of probability and sampling distributions. My approach to probability and sampling distributions is also very different. Because students using this book know about hypotheses before we reach the probability section, inferential theory can be developed by applying the probability rules the testing of a hypothesis. To me, this leads to better and more interesting questions than are typically asked in these sections and gives meaning to these concepts. Other differences include homework problems that require the integration of topics from different chapters as well as one problem in each chapter based on issues discussed in other classes on our campus (e.g. psychology, criminal justice, economics, etc).
How to Succeed in Beginning Calculus Calculus is the mathematics of CHANGE and almost everything in our world is changing. Calculus is among the most important and useful developments of human thought, and, even though it is over 300 years old, it is still considered the beginning and cornerstone of modern mathematics. It is a wonderful and beautiful and useful set of ideas and techniques Calculus takes time. Do not get behind. Use the textbook intelligently. Working the problems. Work together. Study with a friend. Work in small groups
ESL students learn to use Present Perfect Tense in this great video. ESLgold.com is the world's largest collection of ESL learning resources including, games, videos, lessons, worksheets and quizzes. Visit us today at www.ESLgold.com.
ESLgold.com published via YouTube.com
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Physiology/ Pathophysiology of Coronary Blood Flow
Myocardial Ischemia Supply Demand Coronary Flow Reserve Determinants of Coronary Blood Flow Neural (autonomic) Mechanisms Endothelial Factors (Mechanisms) NOS, NO and ADMA
This sequence provides a comprehensive introduction to diseases of the cardiovascular system, how they present, how they are diagnosed, how they are prevented, and how they are treated. Students learn to identify the integral links between anatomy, physiology, pathology, and basic sciences with clinical medicine and other essential aspects of patient care for ambulatory and hospitalized patients who have cardiovascular disorders.
After viewing previous lectures on seismicity you have basic understanding of earthquakes. Let’s have a further look at what this means for buildings and its foundations. This introduction lecture on geotechnical engineering by Carlos Merino discusses the behaviour of foundations under seismic loading and some more advanced topics, such as soil structure interaction.
UPT. Perpustakaan Universitas Syiah Kuala published via YouTube.com
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This is part of the Open.Michigan collection at: http://open.umich.edu/education
Scaling and Root Planing: Part II Mandibular Teeth
Procedures for scaling and root planing the mandibular teeth. This is part of the Open.Michigan collection at: http://open.umich.edu/education
Demonstrates on the skull and on a patient, various injection techniques. It also describes the basic dental chair position for injections. Orig. air date: NOV 8 74 This is part of the Open.Michigan collection at: http://open.umich.edu/education
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Includes a display of instruments necessary for caries removal, a discussion of the steps and criteria involved and demonstration of a complete removal of a carious lesion. Orig. air date: JAN 8 74 This is part of the Open.Michigan collection at: http://open.umich.edu/education
A lecture on evaluating a patient with chest pain by Dr. Kim Eagle, M.D. This lecture was taught as a part of the University of Michigan Medical School's M2 - Cardiovascular Sequence View the course materials: http://open.umich.edu/education/med/m2/cardio/materials Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ Help us caption and translate this video: http://www.amara.org/en/v/B4zY/ Help us caption & translate this video! http://amara.org/v/B4zY/
A lecture on acute coronary syndromes by Dr. Kim Eagle, M.D. This lecture was taught as a part of the University of Michigan Medical School's M2 - Cardiovascular Sequence View the course materials: http://open.umich.edu/education/med/m2/cardio/materials Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ Help us caption and translate this video: http://www.amara.org/en/v/B4zZ/ Help us caption & translate this video! http://amara.org/v/B4zZ/
A lecture on chronic coronary artery disease by Dr. Kim Eagle, M.D. This lecture was taught as a part of the University of Michigan Medical School's M2 - Cardiovascular Sequence View the course materials: http://open.umich.edu/education/med/m2/cardio/materials Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ Help us caption and translate this video: http://www.amara.org/en/videos/FXxnu5Eayfzl/info/chronic-coronary-artery-disease/
A lecture on electrocardiograms by Dr. Kim Eagle, M.D. This lecture was taught as a part of the University of Michigan Medical School's M2 - Cardiovascular Sequence. View the course materials: http://open.umich.edu/education/med/m2/cardio/materials Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ Help us caption and translate this video: http://www.amara.org/en/v/B4zX/
Atomic physics is the field of physics that studies atoms as an isolated system of electrons and an atomic nucleus. It is primarily concerned with the arrangement of electrons around the nucleus and the processes by which these arrangements change. This comprises ions, neutral atoms and, unless otherwise stated, it can be assumed that the term atom includes ions. The term atomic physics can be associated with nuclear power and nuclear weapons, due to the synonymous use of atomic and nuclear in standard English. Physicists distinguish between atomic physics — which deals with the atom as a system consisting of a nucleus and electrons — and nuclear physics, which considers atomic nuclei alone. As with many scientific fields, strict delineation can be highly contrived and atomic physics is often considered in the wider context of atomic, molecular, and optical physics. Physics research groups are usually so classified. Atomic physics primarily considers atoms in isolation. Atomic models will consist of a single nucleus that may be surrounded by one or more bound electrons. It is not concerned with the formation of molecules (although much of the physics is identical), nor does it examine atoms in a solid state as condensed matter. It is concerned with processes such as ionization and excitation by photons or collisions with atomic particles. While modelling atoms in isolation may not seem realistic, if one considers atoms in a gas or plasma then the time-scales for atom-atom interactions are huge in comparison to the atomic processes that are generally considered. This means that the individual atoms can be treated as if each were in isolation, as the vast majority of the time they are. By this consideration atomic physics provides the underlying theory in plasma physics and atmospheric physics, even though both deal with very large numbers of atoms. Input by : Rahmah Agustira
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Clinical death is the medical term for cessation of blood circulation and breathing, the two necessary criteria to sustain human and many other organisms' lives. It occurs when the heart stops beating in a regular rhythm, a condition called cardiac arrest. The term is also sometimes used in resuscitation research. Stopped blood circulation has historically proven irreversible in most cases. Prior to the invention of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), defibrillation, epinephrine injection, and other treatments in the 20th century, the absence of blood circulation (and vital functions related to blood circulation) was historically considered the official definition of death. With the advent of these strategies, cardiac arrest came to be called clinical death rather than simply death, to reflect the possibility of post-arrest resuscitation. At the onset of clinical death, consciousness is lost within several seconds. Measurable brain activity stops within 20 to 40 seconds. Irregular gasping may occur during this early time period, and is sometimes mistaken by rescuers as a sign that CPR is not necessary. During clinical death, all tissues and organs in the body steadily accumulate a type of injury called ischemic injury. Most tissues and organs of the body can survive clinical death for considerable periods. Blood circulation can be stopped in the entire body below the heart for at least 30 minutes, with injury to the spinal cord being a limiting factor. Detached limbs may be successfully reattached after 6 hours of no blood circulation at warm temperatures. Bone, tendon, and skin can survive as long as 8 to 12 hours. The brain, however, appears to accumulate ischemic injury faster than any other organ. Without special treatment after circulation is restarted, full recovery of the brain after more than 3 minutes of clinical death at normal body temperature is rare. Usually brain damage or later brain death results after longer intervals of clinical death even if the heart is restarted and blood circulation is successfully restored. Brain injury is therefore the chief limiting factor for recovery from clinical death. Although loss of function is almost immediate, there is no specific duration of clinical death at which the non-functioning brain clearly dies. The most vulnerable cells in the brain, CA1 neurons of the hippocampus, are fatally injured by as little as 10 minutes without oxygen. However, the injured cells do not actually die until hours after resuscitation. This delayed death can be prevented in vitro by a simple drug treatment even after 20 minutes without oxygen. In other areas of the brain, viable human neurons have been recovered and grown in culture hours after clinical death. Brain failure after clinical death is now known to be due to a complex series of processes called reperfusion injury that occur after blood circulation has been restored, especially processes that interfere with blood circulation during the recovery period. Control of these processes is the subject of ongoing research. In 1990, the laboratory of resuscitation pioneer Peter Safar discovered that reducing body temperature by three degrees Celsius after restarting blood circulation could double the time window of recovery from clinical death without brain damage from 5 minutes to 10 minutes. This induced hypothermia technique is beginning to be used in emergency medicine. The combination of mildly reducing body temperature, reducing blood cell concentration, and increasing blood pressure after resuscitation was found especially effective—allowing for recovery of dogs after 12 minutes of clinical death at normal body temperature with practically no brain injury. The addition of a drug treatment protocol has been reported to allow recovery of dogs after 16 minutes of clinical death at normal body temperature with no lasting brain injury. Cooling treatment alone has permitted recovery after 17 minutes of clinical death at normal temperature, but with brain injury. Under laboratory conditions at normal body temperature, the longest period of clinical death of a cat (after complete circulatory arrest) survived with eventual return of brain function is one hour..... Input by Sofia Nelly
In the past, before modern dentistry, people use to treat a tooth pain naturally because they had no other option. Nowadays, modern medicine has its own solutions, but there still several natural toothache remedies that people use just to avoid the visit to the dentist. There a few well-known causes of tooth pain, like Infected gums/ Gum Disease, Tooth Decay, Tooth eruption, An abnormal bite, Abscessed Tooth, Tooth Fracture or a damaged filling and all of them can cause pain, fever, headache, and swelling around the teeth. In this video, we represent 12 effective Home Toothache Remedies that will help you to get rid of the pain! Raw Garlic Garlic effectively fights fungi, bacteria, and viruses. You should crush the clove, leave it for a couple of minutes to activate its compounds, add some salt, and apply it on the painful tooth. You can also chew clove several times daily using the affected tooth. Ice To soothe the swelling and pain before going to the dentist, Apply an ice or a cold compress on the cheek. Salt Water Gargle Add a teaspoon of salt to a cup of boiling water, and as soon as it cools, gargle it for half a minute. This will alleviate pain and infections, remove debris, and ease the swelling. Chewing Gum The area around a broken tooth, or around a tooth which lacks the filling is irritated and painful. To relieve this pain, chew a gum on the opposite side of the mouth and apply it onto the painful tooth. Peppermint Tea A 2013 study found that peppermint oil has potent antiseptic properties which are useful against oral pathogens. You should drink peppermint tea with a teaspoon of peppermint leaves steeped for 15-20 minutes, to treat bad breath and toothaches. Clove Oil Clove oil is high in eugenol, which has powerful antiseptic and anesthetic properties that destroy germs and relieve gum pain. Studies have found that it is as effective as benzocaine in numbing pain. You should combine a few drops of this oil with a teaspoon of coconut oil, and use a cotton ball, apply the mixture on the painful area. When the place is numb, remove it, and wash the mouth. You can also chew a few cloves using the painful side of the mouth. Vanilla Extract The scent of vanilla soothes the anxiety linked to a toothache, and its alcohol content numbs the pain. Therefore, dab vanilla extracts on the finger and rub it onto the painful tooth twice daily to relieve the pain. Turmeric Paste Mix a teaspoon of turmeric powder, several drops of peppermint oil, and a tablespoon of coconut oil, and prepare a paste. Then, brush the teeth and leave it to act for a few minutes. And rinse. It has strong antiviral and antibacterial properties and will help you fight bad breath, irritations, gum redness, and tooth stains. Ginger Cayenne Paste Mix cayenne and ginger in equal amounts, add some water and prepare a paste. Then, apply it on the painful place using a cotton ball, and leave it to act in order to soothe the pain and swelling, fight off infection, and control bleeding. Myrrh According to RDH, “myrrh’s astringent properties help with inflammation, and a rinse can offer the added benefit of reducing bacteria”. To prepare a homemade myrrh rinse, simmer a teaspoon of myrrh in 2 cups of water, leave it to cool, and use it several times during the day. Essential Oils One 2014 study found that: “Essential oil rinses are found to be equally effective in inhibiting plaque. A study carried out by Pizzo et al. on plaque inhibitory effect of amine fluoride/stannous fluoride and essential oils showed no significant difference in efficacy of both. As chlorhexidine causes staining of teeth on long term use, essential oils can be used as an alternative to chlorhexidine rinse. Essential oils have shown to possess antimicrobial activity against subgingival pernio pathogens, too.” For best effects, use clove, tea tree oil, peppermint, myrrh, cinnamon, and spearmint. Acupressure Press the hand on the affected side, on the place where the base of the index finger and the thumb meet, and hold for several minutes. This will stimulate the release of endorphins, which will relieve the pain. Input by Sofia Nelly
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Cancer systems biology encompasses the application of systems biology approaches to cancer research, in order to study the disease as a complex adaptive system with emerging properties at multiple biological scales. More explicitly, because cancer spans multiple biological, spatial and temporal scales, communication and feedback mechanisms across the scales create a highly complex dynamic system. The relationships between scales is not simple or necessarily direct, and sometimes become combinatorial, so that systems approaches are essential to evaluate these relationships quantitatively and qualitatively. Cancer systems biology therefore adopts a holistic view of cancer aimed at integrating its many biological scales, including genetics, signaling networks, epigenetics, cellular behavior, histology, (pre)clinical manifestations and epidemiology. Ultimately, cancer properties at one scale, e.g., histology, are explained by properties at a scale below, e.g., cell behavior. Likewise, a higher scale, e.g., epidemiology, can encroach on a lower scale, e.g., genetics. The fundamental concept is that percolation of properties across scales must be measured and taken into account in order to fully understand etiology, progression and dynamics of cancer. The systems biology approach relies heavily on the successes of decades of reductionism, which has clarified the component parts and mechanistic principles of living organisms, as well as their key alterations in cancer, especially at the genetic/genomic scale, to deep detail. Basic researchers and clinicians have progressively recognized the complexity of cancer and of its interaction with the micro- and macro-environment, since putting together the components to provide a cohesive view of the disease has been challenging and hampered progress. Cancer Systems Biology transcends the “reductionist” approach to cancer that typically produces causative explanations focused on a single gene or mutation, with little emphasis on inter-scale relationships. Cancer systems biology merges traditional basic and clinical cancer research with “exact” sciences, such as applied mathematics, engineering, and physics. It incorporates a spectrum of “omics” technologies (genomics, proteomics, epigenomics, etc.) and molecular imaging, to generate computational algorithms and quantitative models that shed light on mechanisms underlying the cancer process and predict response to intervention. In 2004, the US National Cancer Institute launched a program effort on Integrative Cancer Systems Biology to establish Centers for Cancer Systems Biology that focus on the analysis of cancer as a complex biological system. The integration of experimental biology with mathematical modeling will result in new insights in the biology and new approaches to the management of cancer. The program brings clinical and basic cancer researchers together with researchers from mathematics, physics, engineering, information technology, imaging sciences, and computer science to work on unraveling fundamental questions in the biology of cancer. Input by : Rahmah Agustira
In molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule. This process occurs in all living organisms and is the basis for biological inheritance. DNA is made up of a double helix of two complementary strands. During replication, these strands are separated. Each strand of the original DNA molecule then serves as a template for the production of its counterpart, a process referred to as semiconservative replication. Cellular proofreading and error-checking mechanisms ensure near perfect fidelity for DNA replication. In a cell, DNA replication begins at specific locations, or origins of replication, in the genome. Unwinding of DNA at the origin and synthesis of new strands results in replication forks growing bi-directionally from the origin. A number of proteins are associated with the replication fork to help in the initiation and continuation of DNA synthesis. Most prominently, DNA polymerase synthesizes the new strands by adding nucleotides that complement each (template) strand. DNA replication occurs during the S-stage of interphase. DNA replication can also be performed in vitro (artificially, outside a cell). DNA polymerases isolated from cells and artificial DNA primers can be used to initiate DNA synthesis at known sequences in a template DNA molecule. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a common laboratory technique, cyclically applies such artificial synthesis to amplify a specific target DNA fragment from a pool of DNA. Input by : Rahmah Agustira
How do simple things like yeast, soap, and hydrogen peroxide come together to create a foam-splosion reaction? Tweak the ingredients to find out in this choose-your-own-adventure video series! ---------- Find us online! Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/MITK12 Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/MITK12Videos http://k12videos.mit.edu ---------- made with love at MIT Creative Commons: CC BY-NC-SA, MIT http://k12videos.mit.edu/terms-and-conditions Written by: Elizabeth Choe ‘13 with Whitney Hess Ph.D ‘16 Additional scripting: George Zaidan ‘08 Produced by: Elizabeth Choe ‘13 Director: George Zaidan ‘08 Editor: Per Hoel Special effects: Loren Sherman ‘16 Production assistant: Ceri Riley ‘16 Hosted by: Whitney Hess Ph.D ‘16 Special thanks: Prof. John Essigmann and Dr. Bogdan Fedeles Music: JackBillPlatypus https://soundcloud.com/jackbillplatypus/elevator-music-two-point-oh Input by Sofia Nelly
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Simulations provided free under a Department of Labor grant awarded Eastern Iowa Community Colleges. To learn more visit http://www.eicc.edu. Input by : Dian Islamiati
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In biology, a spore is a unit of asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavorable conditions. By contrast, gametes are units of sexual reproduction. Spores form part of the life cycles of many plants, algae, fungi and protozoa. Bacterial spores are not part of a sexual cycle but are resistant structures used for survival under unfavourable conditions. Myxozoan spores release amoebulae into their hosts for parasitic infection, but also reproduce within the hosts through the pairing of two nuclei within the plasmodium, which develops from the amoebula. Spores are usually haploid and unicellular and are produced by meiosis in the sporangium of a diploid sporophyte. Under favourable conditions the spore can develop into a new organism using mitotic division, producing a multicellular gametophyte, which eventually goes on to produce gametes. Two gametes fuse to form a zygote which develops into a new sporophyte. This cycle is known as alternation of generations. The spores of seed plants, however, are produced internally and the megaspores, formed within the ovules and the microspores are involved in the formation of more complex structures that form the dispersal units, the seeds and pollen grains. Input by : Rahmah Agustira
There are some key angles that have exact values in trigonometry. The ones we need to know are 0, 30, 45, 60 and 90. In this video we will discover one method of remember what these values are - by counting fingers on our hand! In the first part we discovered a different method (constructing a table) which you may prefer. Choose whichever method works best for you. SUBSCRIBE to the FuseSchool YouTube channel for many more educational videos. Our teachers and animators come together to make fun & easy-to-understand videos in Chemistry, Biology, Physics, Maths & ICT. VISIT us at www.fuseschool.org, where all of our videos are carefully organised into topics and specific orders, and to see what else we have on offer. Comment, like and share with other learners. You can both ask and answer questions, and teachers will get back to you. These videos can be used in a flipped classroom model or as a revision aid. Find all of our Chemistry videos here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRnpKjHpFyg&list=PLW0gavSzhMlReKGMVfUt6YuNQsO0bqSMV Find all of our Biology videos here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tjkHzEVcyrE&list=PLW0gavSzhMlQYSpKryVcEr3ERup5SxHl0 Find all of our Maths videos here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hJq_cdz_L00&list=PLW0gavSzhMlTyWKCgW1616v3fIywogoZQ Twitter: https://twitter.com/fuseSchool Access a deeper Learning Experience in the FuseSchool platform and app: www.fuseschool.org Follow us: http://www.youtube.com/fuseschool Friend us: http://www.facebook.com/fuseschool This Open Educational Resource is free of charge, under a Creative Commons License: Attribution-NonCommercial CC BY-NC ( View License Deed: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ ). You are allowed to download the video for nonprofit, educational use. If you would like to modify the video, please contact us: info@fuseschool.org Input by Sofia Nelly
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A gamete (from Ancient Greek ??µ??? gamete from gamein "to marry") is a cell that fuses with another cell during fertilization (conception) in organisms that sexually reproduce. In species that produce two morphologically distinct types of gametes, and in which each individual produces only one type, a female is any individual that produces the larger type of gamete—called an ovum (or egg)—and a male produces the smaller tadpole-like type—called a sperm. This is an example of anisogamy or heterogamy, the condition in which females and males produce gametes of different sizes (this is the case in humans; the human ovum has approximately 100,000 times the volume of a single human sperm cell). In contrast, isogamy is the state of gametes from both sexes being the same size and shape, and given arbitrary designators for mating type. The name gamete was introduced by the Austrian biologist Gregor Mendel. Gametes carry half the genetic information of an individual, one ploidy of each type, and are created through meiosis. In contrast to a gamete, the diploid somatic cells of an individual contain one copy of the chromosome set from the sperm and one copy of the chromosome set from the egg cell; that is, the cells of the offspring have genes expressing characteristics of both the father and the mother. A gamete's chromosomes are not exact duplicates of either of the sets of chromosomes carried in the diploid chromosomes, and often undergo random mutations resulting in modified DNA (and subsequently, new proteins and phenotypes). In humans, a normal ovum can carry only an X chromosome (of the X and Y chromosomes), whereas a sperm may carry either an X or a Y (a non-normal ovum can end up carrying two or no X chromosomes, as a result of a mistake at either of the two stages of meiosis, while a non-normal sperm cell can end up carrying either no sex-defining chromosomes, an XY pair, an XX pair as a result of the forementioned reason); ergo the male sperm can play a role in determining the gender of any resulting zygote, if the zygote has two X chromosomes it may develop into a female, if it has an X and a Y chromosome, it may develop into a male. For birds, the female ovum determines the sex of the offspring, through the ZW sex-determination system. Artificial gametes, also known as In vitro derived gametes (IVD), stem cell-derived gametes (SCDGs), and In vitro generated gametes (IVG), are gametes derived from stem cells. Research shows that artificial gametes may be a reproductive technique for same-sex male couples, although a surrogate mother would still be required for the gestation period. Women who have passed menopause may be able to produce eggs and bear genetically related children with artificial gametes. Robert Sparrow wrote, in the Journal of Medical Ethics, that embryos derived from artificial gametes could be used to derive new gametes and this process could be repeated to create multiple human generations in the laboratory. This technique could be used to create cell lines for medical applications and for studying the heredity of genetic disorders. Additionally, this technique could be used for human enhancement by selectively breeding for a desired genome or by using recombinant DNA technology to create enhancements that have not arisen in nature. Plants which reproduce sexually also have gametes. However, since plants have an alternation of diploid and haploid generations some differences exist. In flowering plants the flowers use meiosis to produce a haploid generation which produce gametes through mitosis. The female haploid is called the ovule and is produced by the ovary of the flower. When mature the haploid ovule produces the female gamete which are ready for fertilization. The male haploid is pollen and is produced by the anther, when pollen lands on a mature stigma of a flower it grows a pollen tube down into the flower. The haploid pollen then produces sperm by mitosis and releases them for fertilization. Input by : Rahmah Agustira
Creative accounting is a euphemism referring to accounting practices that may follow the letter of the rules of standard accounting practices, but deviate from the spirit of those rules. They are characterized by excessive complication and the use of novel ways of characterizing income, assets, or liabilities and the intent to influence readers towards the interpretations desired by the authors. The terms "innovative" or "aggressive" are also sometimes used. Other synonyms include Cooking the books and Enronomics. The term as generally understood refers to systematic misrepresentation of the true income and assets of corporations or other organizations. "Creative accounting" has been at the root of a number of accounting scandals, and many proposals for accounting reform – usually centering on an updated analysis of capital and factors of production that would correctly reflect how value is added. Newspaper and television journalists have hypothesized that the stock market downturn of 2002 was precipitated by reports of "accounting irregularities" at Enron, Worldcom, and other firms in the United States. One commonly accepted incentive for the systemic over-reporting of corporate income which came to light in 2002 was the granting of stock options as part of executive compensation packages. Since stock prices reflect earning reports, stock options could be most profitably exercised when income is exaggerated, and the stock can be sold at an inflated profit. The most notable activist is Abraham Briloff (professor emeritus of CUNY Baruch) who for years wrote a column for Barron's that constantly analyzed breaches of ethics and audit professionalism among CPA firms. His book is called Unaccountable Accounting. The profession, in turn, was not kind to Dr. Briloff but much of what he advocated has been forced on the industry in the wake of the Enron scandal (See Sarbanes-Oxley). According to critic David Ehrenstein, the term "creative accounting" was first used in 1968 in the film The Producers by Mel Brooks. Input by : Elvira Nadya Saleh
Metamorphosis is a biological process by which an animal physically develops after birth or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's body structure through cell growth and differentiation. Some insects, fishes, amphibians, mollusks, crustaceans, cnidarians, echinoderms and tunicates undergo metamorphosis, which is often accompanied by a change of nutrition source or behavior. Animals can be divided into species that undergo complete metamorphosis ("holometaboly"), incomplete metamorphosis ("hemimetaboly"), or no metamorphosis ("ametaboly"). Scientific usage of the term is technically precise, and is not applied to general aspects of cell growth, including rapid growth spurts. References to "metamorphosis" in mammals are imprecise and only colloquial, but historically idealist ideas of transformation and monadology, as in Goethe's Metamorphosis of Plants, have influenced the development of ideas of evolution. All three categories can be found in the diversity of insects, including no metamorphosis ("ametaboly"), incomplete or partial metamorphosis ("hemimetaboly"), and complete metamorphosis ("holometaboly"). While ametabolous insects show very little difference between larval and adult forms (also known as "direct development"), both hemimetabolous and holometabolous insects have significant morphological and behavioral differences between larval and adult forms, the most significant being the inclusion, in holometabolus organisms, of a pupal or resting stage between the larval and adult forms. In typical amphibian development, eggs are laid in water and larvae are adapted to an aquatic lifestyle. Frogs, toads, and newts all hatch from the eggs as larvae with external gills but it will take some time for the amphibians to interact outside with pulmonary respiration. Afterwards, newt larvae start a predatory lifestyle, while tadpoles mostly scrape food off surfaces with their horny tooth ridges. Metamorphosis in amphibians is regulated by thyroxin concentration in the blood, which stimulates metamorphosis, and prolactin, which counteracts its effect. Specific events are dependent on threshold values for different tissues. Because most embryonic development is outside the parental body, development is subject to many adaptations due to specific ecological circumstances. For this reason tadpoles can have horny ridges for teeth, whiskers, and fins. They also make use of the lateral line organ. After metamorphosis, these organs become redundant and will be resorbed by controlled cell death, called apoptosis. The amount of adaptation to specific ecological circumstances is remarkable, with many discoveries still being made. Some fish, both bony fish (Osteichthyes) and jawless fish (Agnatha), undergo metamorphosis. Fish metamorphosis is typically under strong control by the thyroid hormone. Examples among the non-bony fish include the lamprey. Among the bony fish, mechanisms are varied. The salmon is diadromous, meaning that it changes from a freshwater to a saltwater lifestyle. Many species of flatfish begin their life bilaterally symmetrical, with an eye on either side of the body; but one eye moves to join the other side of the fish – which becomes the upper side – in the adult form. The European eel has a number of metamorphoses, from the larval stage to the leptocephalus stage, then a quick metamorphosis to glass eel at the edge of the continental shelf (eight days for the Japanese eel), two months at the border of fresh and salt water where the glass eel undergoes a quick metamorphosis into elver, then a long stage of growth followed by a more gradual metamorphosis to the migrating phase. In the pre-adult freshwater stage, the eel also has phenotypic plasticity because fish-eating eels develop very wide mandibles, making the head look blunt. Leptocephali are common, occurring in all Elopomorpha (tarpon- and eel-like fish). Most other bony fish undergo metamorphosis from embryo to larva (fry) and then to the juvenile stage during absorption of the yolk sac, because after that phase the individual needs to be able to feed for itself.
The philosophy of biology is a subfield of philosophy of science, which deals with epistemological, metaphysical, and ethical issues in the biological and biomedical sciences. Although philosophers of science and philosophers generally have long been interested in biology (e.g., Aristotle, Descartes, and even Kant), philosophy of biology only emerged as an independent field of philosophy in the 1960s and 1970s. Philosophers of science then began paying increasing attention to biology, from the rise of Neodarwinism in the 1930s and 1940s to the discovery of the structure of DNA in 1953 to more recent advances in genetic engineering. Other key ideas include the reduction of all life processes to biochemical reactions, and the incorporation of psychology into a broader neuroscience. The philosophy of biology can be seen as following an empirical tradition, favoring naturalism. Many contemporary philosophers of biology have largely avoided traditional questions about the distinction between life and non-life. Instead, they have examined the practices, theories, and concepts of biologists with a view toward better understanding biology as a scientific discipline (or group of scientific fields). Scientific ideas are philosophically analyzed and their consequences are explored. It is sometimes difficult to delineate philosophy of biology as separate from theoretical biology. A few of the questions philosophers of biology have attempted to answer, for example, include: "What is a biological species?" "How is rationality possible, given our biological origins?" "How do organisms coordinate their common behavior?" "Are there genome editing agents?" "How might our biological understandings of race, sexuality, and gender reflect social values?" "What is natural selection, and how does it operate in nature?" "How do medical doctors explain disease?" "From where do language and logic stem?" "How is ecology related to medicine?" A subset of philosophers of biology with a more explicitly naturalistic orientation hope that biology will provide scientific answers to such fundamental problems of epistemology, ethics, aesthetics, anthropology and even metaphysics. Furthermore, progress in biology urges modern societies to rethink traditional values concerning all aspects of human life. The possibility of genetic modification of human stem cells, for example, has led to an ongoing controversy on how certain biological techniques could infringe upon ethical consensus (see bioethics). Some of the questions addressed by these philosophers of biology include: "What is life?" "What makes humans uniquely human?" "What is the basis of moral thinking?" "What are the factors we use for aesthetic judgments?" "Is evolution compatible with Christianity or other religious systems?" Increasingly, ideas drawn from philosophical ontology and logic are being used by biologists in the domain of bioinformatics. Ontologies such as the Gene Ontology are being used to annotate the results of biological experiments in a variety of model organisms in order to create logically tractable bodies of data available for reasoning and search. The Gene Ontology itself is a species-neutral graph-theoretical representation of biological types joined together by formally defined relations. Philosophy of biology today has become a very visible, well-organized discipline - with its own journals, conferences, and professional organizations. The largest of the latter is the International Society for the History, Philosophy, and Social Studies of Biology (ISHPSSB); the name of the Society reflecting the interdisciplinary nature of the field. Input by : Rahmah Agustira
An overview of the tests that can help you to identify a mineral sample Input by : Elvira Nadya Saleh
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What is PURE MATHEMATICS? What does PURE MATHEMATICS mean? PURE MATHEMATICS meaning - PURE MATHEMATICS definition - PURE MATHEMATICS explanation. Source: Wikipedia.org article, adapted under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ license. Broadly speaking, pure mathematics is mathematics that studies entirely abstract concepts. This was a recognizable category of mathematical activity from the nineteenth century onwards, at variance with the trend towards meeting the needs of navigation, astronomy, physics, economics, engineering, and so on. Another insightful view put forth is that pure mathematics is not necessarily applied mathematics: it is possible to study abstract entities with respect to their intrinsic nature, and not be concerned with how they manifest in the real world. Even though the pure and applied viewpoints are distinct philosophical positions, in practice there is much overlap in the activity of pure and applied mathematicians. To develop accurate models for describing the real world, many applied mathematicians draw on tools and techniques that are often considered to be "pure" mathematics. On the other hand, many pure mathematicians draw on natural and social phenomena as inspiration for their abstract research. Input by Sofia Nelly
Hypotension is low blood pressure, especially in the arteries of the systemic circulation. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps out blood. Hypotension is generally considered if systolic blood pressure less than 90 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) or diastolic less than 60 mm Hg. However, in practice, blood pressure is considered too low only if noticeable symptoms are present. Hypotension is the opposite of hypertension, which is high blood pressure. It is best understood as a physiological state, rather than a disease. It is often associated with shock, though not necessarily indicative of it. For some people who exercise and are in top physical condition, low blood pressure is a sign of good health and fitness. For many people, excessively low blood pressure can cause dizziness and fainting or indicate serious heart, endocrine or neurological disorders. Severely low blood pressure can deprive the brain and other vital organs of oxygen and nutrients, leading to a life-threatening condition called shock. Input by Sofia Nelly
Summary – the theory of plate tectonics had enabled us to explain the origin of earthquakes, volcanoes, mountain building and has told us the fascinating history of the earth. To find out the evidence for all this watch “Wegener and the proof of continental drift.” Tags: digital learning, online learning, learn chemistry, school chemistry, chemistry, gcse chemistry, high school chemistry, chemistry help, free online education, fuseschool, fuse school, Tectonic plates, earthquakes, volcano, mountains, glaciers, hot spots, islands, sediment, subducted, convergent boundaries, continental crust, Atlantic Ocean, continental drift, cconvection currents, convergent plate boundary, divergent plate boundary SUBSCRIBE to the FuseSchool YouTube channel for many more educational videos. Our teachers and animators come together to make fun & easy-to-understand videos in Chemistry, Biology, Physics, Maths & ICT. VISIT us at www.fuseschool.org, where all of our videos are carefully organised into topics and specific orders, and to see what else we have on offer. Comment, like and share with other learners. You can both ask and answer questions, and teachers will get back to you. These videos can be used in a flipped classroom model or as a revision aid. Input by : Dian Islamiati Find all of our Chemistry videos here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRnpKjHpFyg&list=PLW0gavSzhMlReKGMVfUt6YuNQsO0bqSMV Find all of our Biology videos here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tjkHzEVcyrE&list=PLW0gavSzhMlQYSpKryVcEr3ERup5SxHl0 Find all of our Maths videos here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hJq_cdz_L00&list=PLW0gavSzhMlTyWKCgW1616v3fIywogoZQ Twitter: https://twitter.com/fuseSchool Access a deeper Learning Experience in the FuseSchool platform and app: www.fuseschool.org Follow us: http://www.youtube.com/fuseschool Friend us: http://www.facebook.com/fuseschool This Open Educational Resource is free of charge, under a Creative Commons License: Attribution-NonCommercial CC BY-NC ( View License Deed: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ ). You are allowed to download the video for nonprofit, educational use. If you would like to modify the video, please contact us: info@fuseschool.org ​​​​​​​The Structure of the Earth: https://www.youtube.com/edit?o=U&video_id=Cn8Rdujngws
Lifestyle approaches aren’t just safer and cheaper. They can work better, because you’re treating the actual cause of the disease. Input by Sofia Nelly Subscribe to Dr. Greger’s free nutrition newsletter at http://www.nutritionfacts.org/subscribe and get a free excerpt from his latest NYT Bestseller HOW NOT TO DIE. (All proceeds Dr. Greger receives from the sales of his books, DVDs, and speaking engagements go to support the 501c3 nonprofit that runs NutritionFacts.org.) You can imagine how overwhelming NutritionFacts.org might be for someone new to the site. With videos on more than 2,000 health topics, where do you even begin? Imagine someone stumbling onto the site when the new video-of-the-day is about how some spice can be effective in treating a particular form of arthritis. It would be easy to miss the forest for the trees. That’s why I created this new series of overview videos, which are basically taken straight from my hour-long live 2016 presentation How Not to Die: Preventing, Arresting, and Reversing Our Top 15 Killers (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/how-not-to-die). Stay tuned for: • How Not to Die from Cancer (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/how-not-to-die-from-cancer/) • How Not to Die from Diabetes (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/how-not-to-die-from-diabetes/) • How Not to Die from Kidney Disease (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/how-not-to-die-from-kidney-disease/) • How Not to Die from High Blood Pressure (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/how-not-to-die-from-high-blood-pressure) If this video inspired you to learn more about the role diet may play in preventing and treating heart disease, check out some of these other popular videos on the topic: • Heart Disease Starts in Childhood (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/heart-disease-starts-in-childhood) • Lifestyle Medicine: Treating the Causes of Disease (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/lifestyle-medicine-treating-the-causes-of-disease) • The Actual Benefit of Diet vs. Drugs (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/the-actual-benefit-of-diet-vs-drugs) • Optimal Cholesterol Level (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/optimal-cholesterol-level) • Physicians May Be Missing Their Most Important Tool (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/physicians-may-be-missing-their-most-important-tool) • Oxygenating Blood with Nitrate Rich Vegetables (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/oxygenating-blood-with-nitrate-rich-vegetables) • Is Fish Oil Just Snake Oil? (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/is-fish-oil-just-snake-oil) • Does Cholesterol Size Matter? (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/does-cholesterol-size-matter) • When Low Risk Means High Risk (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/when-low-risk-means-high-risk) • Low Carb Diets and Coronary Blood Flow (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/low-carb-diets-and-coronary-blood-flow) • Fully Consensual Heart Disease Treatment (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/fully-consensual-heart-disease-treatment) Have a question about this video? Leave it in the comment section at http://nutritionfacts.org/video/how-not-to-die-from-heart-disease and someone on the NutritionFacts.org team will try to answer it. Want to get a list of links to all the scientific sources used in this video? Click on Sources Cited at http://nutritionfacts.org/video/how-not-to-die-from-heart-disease. You’ll also find a transcript of the video, my blog and speaking tour schedule, and an easy way to search (by translated language even) through our videos spanning more than 2,000 health topics. If you’d rather watch these videos on YouTube, subscribe to my YouTube Channel here: https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=nutritionfactsorg Thanks for watching. I hope you’ll join in the evidence-based nutrition revolution! -Michael Greger, MD FACLM http://www.NutritionFacts.org • Subscribe: http://www.NutritionFacts.org/subscribe • Donate: http://www.NutritionFacts.org/donate • HOW NOT TO DIE: http://nutritionfacts.org/book • Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/NutritionFacts.org • Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/nutrition_facts • Instagram: http://instagram.com/nutrition_facts_org/ • Google+: https://plus.google.com/+NutritionfactsOrgMD • Podcast: http://nutritionfacts.org/audio/
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In this video we are going to look at what density is, how it is measured and the differences in density between the different states of matter. Informally, density is a measure of how ‘packed’ a material is with mass. Density is defined as the mass of an object per its unit volume. So the big beach ball has a small mass but a big volume, meaning it’s density is low. Whereas the pebble is opposite - lots of mass compacted into a small volume. Did you know that liquids and gases also have different densities? Look at this density tower of different liquids. The honey is most dense and so sinks to the bottom, whereas milk is in the middle and lamp oil is the least dense. But what about densities between different states? Look at the world around you… think of floating and sinking. When you go to the beach, why does the big beach ball float whereas the small heavy pebble sinks? Why do huge boats float? How come a heavy, wooden log floats on water but a small, lighter paper clip sinks? This is all to do with density! Air is less dense than water… the beach ball, boat and wooden log are also less dense than water, hence they float. But the pebble and the paper clip are more dense than water, and so sink. Whilst gases are pretty much always the least dense, don’t be fooled into thinking that liquids are always less dense than solids. This just isn’t the case! Density is how heavy an object is for it’s size. Inside each object are atoms and molecules. How closely these atoms and molecules are packed together and how massive each atom is determines the density. In the rock, the molecules are squished tightly together whereas in wood they are more spread out, and in air much more spread out. A final thought… think of icebergs - they float on water, so solid ice is less dense than liquid seawater. When the ice melts, so it changes temperature, it becomes more dense and so mixes with the seawater. This means that temperature does affect density. This relationship between temperature and density explains how hot air balloons work… hot air is less dense than the cooler normal air, and so the cooler denser air underneath them pushes the hot air balloons upwards. Hot water is also less dense than cold water, so the top of the ocean is warmer than the bottom. So there we have density. It is a comparison of how heavy an object is compared to it’s size, and also includes the arrangement of atoms inside it. SUBSCRIBE to the FuseSchool YouTube channel for many more educational videos. Our teachers and animators come together to make fun & easy-to-understand videos in Chemistry, Biology, Physics, Maths & ICT. VISIT us at www.fuseschool.org, where all of our videos are carefully organised into topics and specific orders, and to see what else we have on offer. Comment, like and share with other learners. You can both ask and answer questions, and teachers will get back to you. These videos can be used in a flipped classroom model or as a revision aid. Find all of our Chemistry videos here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRnpKjHpFyg&list=PLW0gavSzhMlReKGMVfUt6YuNQsO0bqSMV Find all of our Biology videos here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tjkHzEVcyrE&list=PLW0gavSzhMlQYSpKryVcEr3ERup5SxHl0 Find all of our Maths videos here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hJq_cdz_L00&list=PLW0gavSzhMlTyWKCgW1616v3fIywogoZQ Twitter: https://twitter.com/fuseSchool Access a deeper Learning Experience in the FuseSchool platform and app: www.fuseschool.org Follow us: http://www.youtube.com/fuseschool Friend us: http://www.facebook.com/fuseschool This Open Educational Resource is free of charge, under a Creative Commons License: Attribution-NonCommercial CC BY-NC ( View License Deed: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ ). You are allowed to download the video for nonprofit, educational use. If you would like to modify the video, please contact us: info@fuseschool.org Input by : Elvira Nadya Saleh
What is a mineral? Input by : Dian Islamiati
The video is a contextualized and translated version (suitable for Indian audiences) of the original MITK12 video (linked below). The original license allows the use of this video under CC-BY-NC-SA domain of creative commons community. LIL website: https://www.learnindialearn.com MITK12 Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aLJzEl5st8s&index=23&list=PLzMhsCgGKd1gFBv8Pmdm0cnigr6Dl1qMu
Learn India Learn published via YouTube.com
DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid) is extremely important. All living things have DNA, or in the case of some viruses they have RNA instead. In eukaryotes, it is found within the nucleus and is arranged into chromosomes. DNA determines the characteristics of an organism. Specific codes of DNA are called genes. DNA is made up of nucleotides. Nucleotides are repeating units, that are made up of a phosphate group, a sugar group and a nitrogen base. There are 4 nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine. The bases pair up and the DNA twists into a double helix shape. SUBSCRIBE to the Fuse School YouTube channel for many more educational videos. Our teachers and animators come together to make fun & easy-to-understand videos in Chemistry, Biology, Physics, Maths & ICT. JOIN our platform at www.fuseschool.org This video is part of 'Chemistry for All' - a Chemistry Education project by our Charity Fuse Foundation - the organisation behind FuseSchool. These videos can be used in a flipped classroom model or as a revision aid. Find our other Chemistry videos here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLW0gavSzhMlReKGMVfUt6YuNQsO0bqSMV Twitter: https://twitter.com/fuseSchool Access a deeper Learning Experience in the Fuse School platform and app: www.fuseschool.org Follow us: http://www.youtube.com/fuseschool Friend us: http://www.facebook.com/fuseschool This Open Educational Resource is free of charge, under a Creative Commons License: Attribution-NonCommercial CC BY-NC ( View License Deed: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ ). You are allowed to download the video for nonprofit, educational use. If you would like to modify the video, please contact us: info@fuseschool.org Input by : Rahmah Agustira
MIT 6.849 Geometric Folding Algorithms: Linkages, Origami, Polyhedra, Fall 2012 View the complete course: http://ocw.mit.edu/6-849F12 Input by : Dian Islamiati Instructor: Erik Demaine This class begins with a folding exercise and demonstration involving Origamizer. A high-level overview of the mathematical constraints for Freeform and Rigid software are presented, followed by examples of origami robots and current open problems. License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA More information at http://ocw.mit.edu/terms More courses at http://ocw.mit.edu
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Part of the NCSSM Online AP Calculus Collection: This video deals with transformations of functions including parent functions and the library of functions and relations. http://www.dlt.ncssm.edu Please attribute this work as being created by the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics. This work is licensed under Creative Commons CC-BY http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 Help us caption & translate this video! http://amara.org/v/GAfN/
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Visit us (http://www.khanacademy.org/science/healthcare-and-medicine) for health and medicine content or (http://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat) for MCAT related content. These videos do not provide medical advice and are for informational purposes only. The videos are not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read or seen in any Khan Academy video. Created by Nauroz Syed. Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/nclex-rn/rn-reproductive-system-physiology/rn-pregnancy/v/preterm-labor?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=Nclex-rn Missed the previous lesson? https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/nclex-rn/rn-reproductive-system-physiology/rn-pregnancy/v/uterine-inversion?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=Nclex-rn NCLEX-RN on Khan Academy: A collection of questions from content covered on the NCLEX-RN. These questions are available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License (available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/). About Khan Academy: Khan Academy offers practice exercises, instructional videos, and a personalized learning dashboard that empower learners to study at their own pace in and outside of the classroom. We tackle math, science, computer programming, history, art history, economics, and more. Our math missions guide learners from kindergarten to calculus using state-of-the-art, adaptive technology that identifies strengths and learning gaps. We've also partnered with institutions like NASA, The Museum of Modern Art, The California Academy of Sciences, and MIT to offer specialized content. For free. For everyone. Forever. #YouCanLearnAnything Subscribe to Khan Academy’s NCLEX-RN channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDx5cTeADCvKWgF9x_Qjz3g?sub_confirmation=1 Subscribe to Khan Academy: https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=khanacademy
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MIT 5.07SC Biological Chemistry, Fall 2013 View the complete course: http://ocw.mit.edu/5-07SCF13 Instructor: John Essigmann In this video, Professor Essigmann explores ketone bodies – what they are, how they are made, and how they are used in the body. He describes in detail the role ketone bodies play in diabetes and starvation scenarios. License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA More information at http://ocw.mit.edu/terms More courses at http://ocw.mit.edu
Psych9B. Psychology Fundamentals. Lecture 2:
UCI Psych 9B: Psych Fundamentals (Fall 2015) Lec 02. Psych Fundamentals View the complete course: http://ocw.uci.edu/courses/psych_9bpsy_beh_11b_psychology_fundamentals.html Instructor: Mark Steyvers, Ph.D. License: Creative Commons CC-BY-SA Terms of Use: http://ocw.uci.edu/info. More courses at http://ocw.uci.edu Description: This one of the three courses that are a part of a three-quarter series, cross-listed as "Social Ecology Psy Beh P11 A, B, C" or "Social Sciences Psych 9 A, B, C." All three courses are offered every quarter and can be taken in any oder. The series is designed to give students a strong foundation in the major research areas of psychology, including such areas as human cognitive and social development, memory, language, emotional and social behavior, psychopathology, and neuroscience. This course sequence is required for students majoring in Psychology and Social Behavior in the School of Social Ecology and for students majoring in Psychology in the School of Social Sciences. These courses can also be taken by non-majors. In this course specifically, referred to as "Psy Beh P11B" or "Psych 9B," topics to be covered include memory, thinking, language, learning, and cognitive development Recorded on September 29, 2015. Required attribution: Steyvers, Mark. Psych Fundamentals 9B (UCI OpenCourseWare: University of California, Irvine), http://ocw.uci.edu/courses/psych_9bpsy_beh_11b_psychology_fundamentals.html. [Access date]. License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en_US).
Psych9B. Psychology Fundamentals. Lecture 1:
UCI Psych 9B: Psych Fundamentals (Fall 2015) Lec 01. Psych Fundamentals View the complete course: http://ocw.uci.edu/courses/psych_9bpsy_beh_11b_psychology_fundamentals.html Instructor: Mark Steyvers, Ph.D. License: Creative Commons CC-BY-SA Terms of Use: http://ocw.uci.edu/info. More courses at http://ocw.uci.edu Description: This one of the three courses that are a part of a three-quarter series, cross-listed as "Social Ecology Psy Beh P11 A, B, C" or "Social Sciences Psych 9 A, B, C." All three courses are offered every quarter and can be taken in any oder. The series is designed to give students a strong foundation in the major research areas of psychology, including such areas as human cognitive and social development, memory, language, emotional and social behavior, psychopathology, and neuroscience. This course sequence is required for students majoring in Psychology and Social Behavior in the School of Social Ecology and for students majoring in Psychology in the School of Social Sciences. These courses can also be taken by non-majors. In this course specifically, referred to as "Psy Beh P11B" or "Psych 9B," topics to be covered include memory, thinking, language, learning, and cognitive development Recorded on September 24, 2015. Required attribution: Steyvers, Mark. Psych Fundamentals 9B (UCI OpenCourseWare: University of California, Irvine), http://ocw.uci.edu/courses/psych_9bpsy_beh_11b_psychology_fundamentals.html. [Access date]. License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en_US).
Introduction to The Anatomy of The Heart
Introduction to the anatomy of the heart, with explanation of the pericardium, myocardium, and endocardium.
Andrew Wolf published via YouTube.com
This video was created for the contest " anatomy by students, international contest" Category 5. ENT, ophthalmology, General Practice This video by Hershko Sarah is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 International license, or later version, see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
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Symptoms Of Type 2 Diabetes Creative Commons https://youtu.be/d8fBlTgn1_U This is always a surprising situation for most people around, who just go for regular check up to the doctor and end up knowing that they are suffering from one of the most common disease “diabetes “or “pre diabetes” condition. Even your doctor keep on warning you for the diabetes before or give you the idea that all such symptoms may lead to such terrible non ending disease. This thing is also so common that even if you are paying a lot of your attention on your body still it wouldn’t be an astonishing outcome that you are one of the victims of diabetes. Here are listed some highly observed warning signs for diabetes. 1. Need of Water Your body remains dehydrated and you always feel a need of water. Your mouth and lips dry out and you feel like drinking a huge amount of water all the time. Dehydration is linked with linked with your brain instead of your mouth. It is that even your mouth is dry and you don’t get any message from your brain you will never want the water. The brain cells always need a regular transfer of glucose beside the other part of your bodies. So; the system is followed as if your brain is overly concentrated with sugar water, it will order the supply of fluid from any other form to get diluted unease fluid surrounding each cell. In this way, your brain gets the water supply from other cells and leads towards the dehydration. This is the reason your body want to acquire more and more water. Most of the people have this misunderstanding that if you take soda you will remain hydrated. While soda is one of dangerous intake. So, if you feel the dehydrated most of the time, it means you need to get a checkup for diabetes. 2. Trips to the bathroom When you are taking a large amount of water supply in your body, then this is so sure that you need to urine. This also one of the alarming situations, which you need to take seriously because there is too much sugar in the blood vessel. All the water you take in will fill up your bladder and give you the feeling to pee. After which you feel thirsty and dehydrated again. This process of dehydration and hydration continue. Kidneys in this way release the excess amount of glucose from your body. And if the kidney can’t filter the waste properly, it means it is collecting toxins in your blood vessels. This condition can also damage the kidney on major level. 3. Weakness and Fatigue Sometimes you didn’t work out much and still your body is tired and exhausted, and you will never realize that this is cause of your diabetes which you are carrying inside. The actual problem lies here is that you can’t consume the glucose from your meals, the glucose is not readily enter into your cells. From all this less consumption of glucose and energy turn you weak and lazy. As you don’t gain energy from your meal, you still feel hungry after a while again. Here goes one more vital sign of diabetes. You should focus on each and every little aspect of your healthy and its related issues. 4. Lose Weight When you are suffering from diabetes, you start losing the weight in a specific pattern without any efforts of losing weight. If you are losing the weight, which even you are taking proper meals and food then it is one of the alarming condition. This kind of weight loss causes you to lose muscle mass. It happens in the part of the body which is looking for some energy and it breaks down the muscles of the cells. This is one of the clear symptoms of fatal diabetes. 5. Vision Disorder In the case, if the blood levels increase high ,it will drain all the fluid from all over body tissues .This also include you’re fluid fro Well come to our Channel: ''HEALTH & FITNESS'' Our channel ''HEALTH & FITNESS'' give us a lot of information about health and fitness. HEALTH & FITNESS is a most important for Healthy life. So keep watching to our channel for more videos HEALTH & FITNESS. Thanks For Subscribe ,Like and Share to our channel: https://goo.gl/UDorwZ Follow us on social media: Facebook https://goo.gl/vsGuJG Instagram https://goo.gl/F16iqI Youtube https://goo.gl/UDorwZ Google Plus https://goo.gl/pkrpC6 Disclaimer: The materials and the information contained on Natural Cures channel are provided for general and educational purposes only and do not constitute any legal, medical or other professional advice on any subject matter.None of the information on our videos is a substitute for a diagnosis and treatment by your health professional. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new diet or treatment and with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. If you have or suspect that you have a medical problem, promptly contact your health care provider.
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