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Accounting and Financial Information
Accounting is often called “the language of business” because it communicates so much of the information that owners, managers, and investors need to evaluate a company’s financial performance. These people are stakeholders in the business—they’re…
Fundamentals of Business
An introductory textbook in business that covers a variety of topics: The Foundations of Business, Economics and Business, Ethics and Social Responsibility, Business in a Global Environment, Forms of Business Ownership, Entrepreneurship: Starting a…
Urogynaecology Textbook
The field of Urogynaecology has expanded dramatically over the past decade with the advent of a number of new medical and surgical treatment modalities. The evidence base on pelvic floor dysfunction has also grown extensively. This multi-contributor…
Wetlands Law: A Course Source
he Wetlands Law Course Source can be used as the primary text for a two credit seminar or as a supplemental text to cover wetlands material in an environmental law, natural resources law, or water law course. In addition, the administrative law…
International Relations
A ‘Day 0’ introduction to International Relations. Written by a range of emerging and established experts, the chapters offer a broad sweep of the basic components of International Relations and the key contemporary issues that concern the…
Advanced Problems in Mathematics: Preparing for University
" This book is intended to help candidates prepare for entrance examinations in mathematics and scientific subjects, including STEP (Sixth Term Examination Paper). STEP is an examination used by Cambridge colleges as the basis for conditional…
Crawford Automation – A Guided Application of Structured Problem Solving
his is a multimedia-enabled case in which students will be guided, by an industry expert, to apply structured problem-solving that addresses a typical supply chain problem, missing parts. What first appears as the issue may be a symptom of a root…
Ordinary Differential Equations
This book consists of ten weeks of material given as a course on ordinary differential equations (ODEs) for second year mathematics majors at the University of Bristol. It is the first course devoted solely to differential equations that these…
Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming
This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Agile Software Development, XP 2023, which took place in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, during June 13-16, 2023. XP is the premier agile software development…
Sociology: Understanding and Changing the Social World
The book includes the most recent data in the following categories, so your students have access to the latest sociological trends: crime and victimization, income and poverty, life expectancy and aging, employment, marriage and divorce, education,…
Ethics in Law Enforcement
In this book, you will examine the moral and ethical issues that exist within law enforcement. This book will also familiarize you with the basic history, principles, and theories of ethics. These concepts will then be applied to the major components…
Tetrel Bonds
The replacement of the bridging H atom in H-bonds by a multitude of other, more electronegative, atoms has led to the rapidly growing study of related noncovalent bonds generally known as halogen, chalcogen, and pnicogen bonds. It has recently been…
International Economics: Theory and Policy
This text strives to reach a median between these two approaches. First, I believe that students need to learn the theory and models to understand how economists understand the world. I also think these ideas are accessible to most students if they…
Basic Engineering Data Collection and Analysis
In Basic Engineering Data Collection and Analysis, Stephen B. Vardeman and J. Marcus Jobe stress the practical over the theoretical. Step by step, students get real engineering data and scenario examples along with chapter-long case studies that…
Control Theory Tutorial: Basic Concepts Illustrated by Software Examples
This open access Brief introduces the basic principles of control theory in a concise self-study guide. It complements the classic texts by emphasizing the simple conceptual unity of the subject. A novice can quickly see how and why the different…
Principles of Macroeconomics for AP® Courses 2e
Principles of Macroeconomics for AP® Courses 2e covers the scope and sequence requirements for an Advanced Placement® macroeconomics course and is listed on the College Board’s AP® example textbook list. The second edition includes many current…
Principles of Microeconomics for AP® Courses 2e
Economics is concerned with the well-being of all people, including those with jobs and those without jobs, as well as those with high incomes and those with low incomes. Economics acknowledges that production of useful goods and services can create…
COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a (currently) incurable and irreversible lung condition with worldwide mortality rates similar to stroke, diabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease. Treatments are limited to the removal of the underlying causes…
Brehe’s Grammar Anatomy
Brehe’s Grammar Anatomy makes grammar accessible to general and specialist readers alike. This book provides an in-depth look at beginner grammar terms and concepts, providing clear examples with limited technical jargon. Whether for academic or…
Beyond Dichotomy: Synergizing Writing Center and Classroom Pedagogies
How closely can or should writing centers and writing classrooms collaborate? Beyond Dichotomy explores how research on peer tutoring one-to-one and in small groups can inform our work with students in writing centers and other tutoring programs, as…
A Primer on Social Problems . v. 1.0
The founders of American sociology a century or more ago in cities like Atlanta and Chicago wanted to reduce social inequality, to improve the lives of people of color,
and more generally to find solutions to the most vexing social problems of their…
and more generally to find solutions to the most vexing social problems of their…
Physical Geology
Physical Geology is a comprehensive introductory text on the physical aspects of geology, including rocks and minerals, plate tectonics, earthquakes, volcanoes, glaciation, groundwater, streams, coasts, mass wasting, climate change, planetary geology…
Mapping, Society, and Technology
This book is about how to read, use, and create maps. Our exploration of maps will be informed by a contextual understanding of how maps reflect the relationship between society and technology, and how mapping is an essential form of scientific and…
Active Calculus Multivariable
In Active Calculus - Multivariable, we endeavor to actively engage students in learning the subject through an activity-driven approach in which the vast majority of the examples are completed by students. Where many texts present a general theory of…
Electromagnetics Volume I
Published in 1989 by Prentice-Hall, this book is a useful resource for educators and self-learners alike. The text is aimed at those who have seen Maxwell's equations in integral and differential form and who have been exposed to some integral…
Psychology of Human Relations
Understanding human relations is a valuable skill for anyone entering into the job market. The aim of this textbook is to aid readers in understanding their own behaviors and the behaviors of others with the intent of engaging in positive…
Organizational Behavior
Organizational Behavior. The text presents the theory, concepts, and applications with particular emphasis on the impact that individuals and groups can have on organizational performance and culture. An array of recurring features engages students…
Principles of Strategic Management Accounting
This textbook explains the economic and sociological principles that underpin the use of strategic management accounting practices in organisations. Each chapter of the first part starts with a gentle, conversational introduction to the insights of…
An Introduction to Waste Management and Circular Economy
This introductory textbook provides an essential interdisciplinary guide to waste management and circular economy. It helps students to understand the drivers of waste, the environmental, social, and economic impacts of waste generation, and best…
Rational Anger
Exploring the rationales behind legal anger, its logic and origins, this book builds on the perspectives of judges and prosecutors in Italy, Sweden, the United States, and Scotland. When do judges and prosecutors become angry in court, what do they…
Optimization of Hot-Electron Bolometers for THz Radiation
Hot-electron bolometers are fast and low noise radiation detectors which can be used for many different applications. The aim of this work was to optimize the fabrication process of hot-electron bolometers and gain a deeper understanding of the…
Observations and Theory of Short GRBs at the Dawn of the Gravitational Wave Era
The book starts with a review of the established facts on the numerical simulations of binary neutron star mergers and simulations of short GRB jets that highlights the issues that need to be revised and further clarified, as the need to understand…
Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming
This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Agile Software Development, XP 2020, which was planned to be held during June 8-12, 2020, at the IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark. However, due to the…
Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming
This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Agile Software Development, XP 2022, which was held in Copenhagen, Denmark, in June 2022. XP is the premier agile software development conference combining…
Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming
This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Agile Software Development, XP 2022, which was held in Copenhagen, Denmark, in June 2022. XP is the premier agile software development conference combining…
Reactive Control of Turbulent Wall-Bounded Flows for Skin Friction Drag Reduction
The work presents an attempt to improve the understanding of reactive drag reducing control of near-wall turbulence with respect to limitations present in a realistic application scenario. The reference reactive control scheme of opposition control…
Programming Persistent Memory: A Comprehensive Guide for Developers
Beginning and experienced programmers will use this comprehensive guide to persistent memory programming. You will understand how persistent memory brings together several new software/hardware requirements, and offers great promise for better…
Disability and the Posthuman
This volume contributes to the vibrant, ongoing recuperative work on women’s writing by shedding new light on a group of authors commonly dismissed as middlebrow in their concerns and conservative in their styles and politics. The neologism…
Leak Detection Technology and Implementation
Leak Detection: Technology and Implementation assists water utilities with the development and implementation of leak detection programs. Leak detection and repair is one of the components of controlling water loss. In addition, techniques are…
Web-oriented Event Processing
How can the Web be made situation-aware? Event processing is a suitable technology for gaining the necessary real-time results. The Web, however, has many users and many application domains. Thus, we developed multi-schema friendly data models…
Adult and Continuing Education in Norway
The European arena of lifelong learning offers rich country-specific portfolios of historical trajectories, policy frameworks and practical evidence of adult and continuing education. This book provides an introduction to the case of Norway and…
Core Assumptions in Business Theory
The modern market-based economy generates great wealth, but it lags on well-being; it has mastered efficiency, but struggles with equity; it boasts size, but falls short on sustainability. Core Assumptions in Business Theory proposes a revised profit…
Nitrification in Fixed Bed Reactors Treating Saline Wastewater
Two fixed bed reactors for nitrification with either polyethylene/clay sinter lamellas (FBR A) or porous ceramic rings (FBR B) were continously run for treating synthetic saline wastewater. Seawater from Hafen Büsum was used as an inoculums. The…
Optical Technologies for Advancing Communication, Sensing, and Computing Systems
Optical technology is a cornerstone in communication, computing, and sensing. This book aims to explore the dispersion, attenuation, and nonlinear effects that occur as light signals propagate through specialized fibers, while also investigating the…
Irrigation and Drainage : Recent Advances
Uneven distribution and depletion of good-quality water reserves significantly devastate the agriculture sector. In this scenario, water management as well as efficient irrigation and drainage strategies are primarily required to conserve water…
Irrigation Systems and Applications
This edited volume Irrigation Systems and Applications will introduce the reader to new irrigation technology and its diverse applications in modern farming. This work is organized into two distinct sections on 'Irrigation Systems” and 'Irrigation…
Adaptive Dynamic Programming
This open access book focuses on the practical application of Adaptive Dynamic Programming (ADP) in chemotherapy drug delivery, taking into account clinical variables and real-time data. ADP's ability to adapt to changing conditions and make optimal…
Carbonic Anhydrases and Metabolism
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs; EC 4.2.1.1) are metalloenzymes present in all kingdoms of life, as they equilibrate the reaction between three simple but essential chemical species: CO2, bicarbonate, and protons. Discovered more than 80 years ago, in 1933,…
Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change
Sustainability covers environmental, social and economic dimensions, and requires a multi-disciplinary approach in order to examine, explore and critically engage with issues and advances in its related areas. As we are aware, climate change is a…
Hydrometallurgy
Hydrometallurgy, which involves the use of aqueous solutions for the recovery of metals from ores, concentrates, and recycled or residual material, plays an integral role in the multi-billion dollar minerals processing industry. There are numerous…
Wellbeing in Educational Contexts
Educational contexts (e.g., schools, special education units and early childhood centres) are places of social hope capital, a place and space where people can inspire positive thinking, engage in educational growth and the sustainment of…
Opening Eyes onto Inclusion and Diversity
This book is for any reader who wishes to learn more about the rich tapestry of learners and 3 individuals who make our world such an interesting and diversely textured community. Although our focus is largely on diversity and inclusion in Australian…
Nursing Care at the End of Life: What Every Clinician Should Know
Nursing Care at the End of Life: What Every Clinician Should Know should be an essential component of basic educational preparation for the professional registered nurse student. Recent studies show that only one in four nurses feel confident in…
Abnormal Psychology
Have you ever wondered whether the violence you see on television affects your behavior? Are you
more likely to behave aggressively in real life after watching people behave violently in dramatic
situations on the screen? Or, could seeing fictional…
more likely to behave aggressively in real life after watching people behave violently in dramatic
situations on the screen? Or, could seeing fictional…
Critical Perspectives on Technology and the Family
From the perspective of a long time family practitioner, researcher, and educator, and technology innovator, this textbook offers the first comprehensive view of technology in the family for college students, professionals and the public. Each…
Laboratory Exercises in Microbiology: Discovering the Unseen World Through Hands-On Investigation
The exercises in this laboratory manual are designed to engage students in hand-on activities that reinforce their understanding of the microbial world. Topics covered include: staining and microscopy, metabolic testing, physical and chemical control…
Emotions, Senses, Spaces: Ethnographic Engagements and Intersections
This volume draws together three core concerns for the social sciences: the senses and embodiment, emotions, and space and place. The chapters engage with intersections between space, sense and emotion through a range of experiences and activities…
Human Behavior and the Social Environment I
That’s what we are here to find out – Human Behavior and the Social Environment (HBSE) – How do they connect? How does it shape us? Why do we think and feel the way we do?
This will be explored throughout this course by examining human behavior…
This will be explored throughout this course by examining human behavior…
Justice and Recovery for Victimised Children
This open access book contributes to ongoing discussions about how societies should respond to children who have experienced violence and abuse by delving into the Barnahus model: a multidisciplinary and co-located model whose aim is to provide both…
Actors and the Art of Performance : Under Exposure
Acting on stage is a mode of performing an action, in the context of which the bodily aspects implicitly at work in acting reveal their own significance and power. This event can actualize a wound incarnated in human beings, because the actor acts…
Drying Science and Technology
Drying Science and Technology provides a thorough and current investigation of the complex area of drying processes. This book is a collaborative effort that brings together prominent professionals to give a comprehensive grasp of drying science’s…
Real-time Biomechanical Modeling for Intraoperative Soft Tissue Registration
Computer assisted surgery systems intraoperatively support the surgeon by providing information on the location of hidden risk and target structures during surgery. However, soft tissue deformations make intraoperative registration (and thus…
Garden Learning: A Study on European Botanic Gardens’ Collaborative Learning Processes
"From 2007-2013 the European 7th Framework Program Science in Society (FP7) funded a multitude of formal and informal educational institutions to join forces and engage in alternative ways to teach science—inside and outside the classroom—all over…
Programming for Computations - Python: A Gentle Introduction to Numerical Simulations with Python
Today, most people are experienced with computer programs, typically programs such as Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Internet Explorer, and Photoshop. The interaction with such programs is usually quite simple and intuitive: you click on buttons, pull down…
Critical Perspectives on Interreligious Education
In Experiments in Empathy: Critical Reflections on Interreligious Education, the contributors provide a roadmap for practicing and developing innovative ways to teach religion that promotes interfaith understanding and cooperation. Readership: All…
Responsive Open Learning Environments: Outcomes of Research from the ROLE Project
This book presents the outcomes of four years of educational research in the EU-supported project called ROLE (Responsive Online Learning Environments). ROLE technology is centered around the concept of self-regulated learning that creates…
Is Environmental Virtue Ethics a "Virtuous" Anthropocentrism?
This Special Issue addresses the preconception that virtue ethics is intrinsically anthropocentric and cannot fulfill the task of developing a moral attitude toward the environment. The provocative notion of “virtuous anthropocentrism” is intended to…
Drugs quality control (Theoretical foundation and practical application): The Coursebook
The Course book presents the basics of drugs quality control in accordance with regulatory documents (pharmacopoeia of Europe, USA, Japan, Russia) and new data from current scientific periodicals, monographs The features of the physical, spectral and…
A Primer on Politics
An Introduction to Politics proposes to chart a path that is at once a little more brief, concise and in between than those textbooks currently on the market. As this class
is usually taught to freshmen, there is little to be gained and much to be…
is usually taught to freshmen, there is little to be gained and much to be…
Statistical Analysis and Stochastic Modelling of Hydrological Extremes
Hydrological extremes have become a major concern because of their devastating consequences and their increased risk as a result of climate change and the growing concentration of people and infrastructure in high-risk zones. The analysis of…
Second Language Acquisition
Second Language Acquisition - Learning Theories and Recent Approaches will aim to present the process of learning an additional language apart from one’s native language. The process of understanding, writing, and speaking another language with…
Social Innovations in the Urban Context
This book addresses the practice of social innovation, which is currently very much in the public eye. New ideas and approaches are needed to tackle the severe and wicked problems with which contemporary societies are struggling. Especially in times…
Assessment of Physical Fitness and Training Effect in Individual Sports
Physical fitness is the basis for the success of players in sports, and its monitoring makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of training and identify possible errors. During training, thanks to the use of control results, these activities are…
Corporate Governance
In this rapidly evolving era, grasping the intricacies of corporate governance is essential for organizations aiming to secure a sustainable competitive edge. This book provides an extensive overview of the multifaceted aspects of governance,…
Customer Relationship Management
Customer relationship management (CRM) has gone beyond traditional frameworks and immersed itself in innovative strategies. Customer Relationship Management - Contemporary Concepts and Strategies is a highly influential book. This book examines the…
International Symposium on Mathematics, Quantum Theory, and Cryptography
This open access book presents selected papers from International Symposium on Mathematics, Quantum Theory, and Cryptography (MQC), which was held on September 25-27, 2019 in Fukuoka, Japan. The international symposium MQC addresses the mathematics…
New Perspectives in Oral Health for Patients with Special Needs and Compromised Older Adults
This Special Issue was designed to provide a multifaceted look at the latest clinical and research findings in the field of geriatric dentistry, which has rapidly gained importance since the beginning of the 21st century. It covers oral frailty,…
Environmental Leadership Capacity Building in Higher Education: Experience and Lessons from Asian Program for Incubation of Environmental Leaders
he Graduate Program in Sustainability Science under the Department of Urban Engineering of The University of Tokyo has been running an environmental leadership education program at the graduate student level since 2007 called the Asian Program for…
Environmental Leadership Capacity Building in Higher Education: Experience and Lessons from Asian Program for Incubation of Environmental Leaders
The Graduate Program in Sustainability Science under the Department of Urban Engineering of The University of Tokyo has been running an environmental leadership education program at the graduate student level since 2007 called the Asian Program for…
Biofuels and Sustainability
This open access book presents a comprehensive analysis of biofuel use strategies from an interdisciplinary perspective using sustainability science. This interdisciplinary perspective (social science-natural science) means that the strategies and…
African Land Reform Under Economic Liberalisation
This open access book offers unique in-depth, comprehensive, and comparative analyses of the motivations, context, and outcomes of recent land reforms in Africa. Whereas a considerable number of land reforms have been carried out by African…
Shape Memory Alloys 2017
Shape memory alloys (SMAs) have special property of the shape memory effect. After thermal treatment above the martensitic transition temperature, the alloys come back to the original shape when the alloys heat again after having cooled it to the…
An Introduction to Technical Theatre
An Introduction to Technical Theatre draws on the author’s experience in both the theatre and the classroom over the last 30 years. Intended as a resource for both secondary and post-secondary theatre courses, this text provides a comprehensive…
Denoising : New Insights
Denoising - New Insights provides a comprehensive overview of signal and image denoising techniques. It also examines and compares the performance of several innovative denoising approaches involving the use of mathematical tools such as wavelets,…
Zionist Israel and the Question of Palestine : Jewish Statehood and the History of the Middle East Conflict
Tamar Amar-Dahl offers a profound analysis of Israel’s political order and culture and the role of Zionism. The study uncovers the discrepancy between the Western democratic self-image of Israel and its military influenced practical approaches to…
Sexy Technical Communication
"Sexy technical writing…we’ve got to be kidding, right? But no, we aren’t. Good technical writing is powerful and clear and gets the job done. It brings people together and solves problems. Good technical writing purrs and hums like that BMW you plan…
Fundamentals of Public Speaking
Given the demands for good communication skills in the civic realm and in the workplace, a course in public speaking is perhaps more important than ever. There is no quick path to a great speech. Good speaking is developed through practice and hard…
Workplace Software and Skills
Workplace Software and Skills is designed to flexibly support a range of courses covering computer literacy, Microsoft Office, and Google Suite applications. The textbook covers both hard and soft skills that are applicable to a broad range of…
Micro/Nano Materials for Clean Energy and Environment
The research center serves as a platform for researchers at both universities to conduct joint research in the targeted areas, and to meet regularly for information exchange, talent exchange, and knowledge mobilization, especially in the fields of…
Sleep Medicine
eep is undoubtedly one of the most intricate and abstruse issues in humans. Disturbances of sleep are widespread and can have a great impact on involved individuals as well as an economic influence on society. The COVID-19 pandemic forced predominant…
Migration, Gender and Social Justice: Perspectives on Human Insecurity
This book is the product of a collaborative effort involving partners from Africa, Asia, Europe and Latin America who were funded by the International Development Research Centre Programme on Women and Migration (2006-2011). The International…
Biomedical Engineering for Africa
Health technology innovation in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including countries in Africa, falls far short of meeting the healthcare needs of these settings. The result is a heavy reliance on products and technologies imported from…
Lyme Disease: Recent Advances and Perspectives
he interplay between host and pathogen is a complex co-evolutionary battle of surveillance and evasion. The pathogen continuously develops mechanisms to subvert the immune response in order to establish infection while the immune system responds with…
Sustainable Wastewater Treatment and the Circular Economy
Water is fundamental to life, society, and ecological sustainability, yet its management remains one of the most pressing global challenges. "Sustainable Wastewater Treatment and the Circular Economy" addresses this critical issue, bringing together…
Critical Expressivism: Theory and Practice in the Composition Classroom
Critical Expressivism is an ambitious attempt to re-appropriate intellectual territory that has more often been charted by its detractors than by its proponents. Indeed, as Peter Elbow observes in his contribution to this volume, "As far as I can…
The Emerging Discipline of Quantitative Systems Pharmacology
In 2011, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), in collaboration with leaders from the pharmaceutical industry and the academic community, published a white paper describing the emerging discipline of Quantitative Systems Pharmacology (QSP), and…
Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization : An Introduction
In almost every part of the world, minority languages are being threatened with extinction. At the same time, dedicated efforts are being made to document endangered languages, to maintain them, and even to revive once-extinct languages. The book…
Dietary Bioactives and Bone Health
: The effect of germinated Superhongmi, a reddish brown pigmented rice cultivar, on the glucose profile and bone turnover in the postmenopausal-like model of ovariectomized rats was determined. The ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly…
Colloids and Interfaces in Oil Recovery
It is well-known that colloid and interface science and petroleum production are inextricably linked. Whether in the reservoir, with its porous structure, or during recovery, crude oil is intimately associated with rock surfaces and with water, often…
Teaching and Learning of Calculus
This survey focuses on the main trends in the field of calculus education. Despite their variety, the findings reveal a cornerstone issue that is strongly linked to the formalism of calculus concepts and to the difficulties it generates in the…
Elementary Earth and Space Science Methods
this book to help you as both a college student and a future teacher. Dr. Ted Neal asked us to help him create this resource from the perspective of students who have taken Science Methods II–what would we want in a textbook for this course? With…
Mathematical Reasoning: Writing and Proof
Focusing on the formal development of mathematics, this book shows readers how to read, understand, write, and construct mathematical proofs. Uses elementary number theory and congruence arithmetic throughout. Focuses on writing in mathematics.…
Trigonometry
This trigonometry textbook is different than other trigonometry books in that it is free to download, and the reader is expected to do more than read the book and is expected to study the material in the book by working out examples rather than just…
Trigonometry
This trigonometry textbook is different than other trigonometry books in that it is free to download, and the reader is expected to do more than read the book and is expected to study the material in the book by working out examples rather than just…
Innovation in General Purpose Technologies : How Knowledge Gains when It Is Shared
This book tackles the different aspects of the creation and transmission of knowledge in the context of the characteristics of a general purpose technology. Nanotechnology is investigated as showcase example. Particular emphasis is put on the role of…
International Relations Theory
This book is designed as a foundational entry point to International Relations theory – structured to condense the most important information into the smallest space and present that information in an accessible manner. The first half of the book…
Climate Change
Never has the reality of climate change and its ramifications been so obvious around the world. Humankind is currently living in times when the reality of global climate change is unequivocal. The recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change AR6…
Physical Science Laboratory
Investigations
For many people, it is difficult in today’s world to make a guess. People tend to prefer to look up the answer rather than use experience to attempt an answer. However, scientific theories and laws often begin with a guess based on logic and…
Technology enhanced learning integration into organizations
The study presents a framework of responsible and responsive technology enhanced learning integration into organizations. Applying the theories of integration of innovation in an organization, technology enhanced learning integration criteria groups…
Teaching and Learning About Whole Numbers in Primary School
This book offers a theory for the analysis of how children learn and are taught about whole numbers. Two meanings of numbers are distinguished – the analytical meaning, defined by the number system, and the representational meaning, identified by the…
Bifurcation Theory with Applications
Bifurcation Theory with Applications is a collection of chapters that describe the theory and application of nonlinear dynamics to a wide variety of problems in physics and engineering. Each chapter is self-contained and includes an introduction,…
Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals
This open access book presents detailed pathways to achieve 100% renewable energy by 2050, globally and across ten geographical regions. Based on state-of-the-art scenario modelling, it provides the vital missing link between renewable energy targets…
Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals
This open access book is designed as a continuation of the editor’s 2019 book Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals. This volume provides an in-depth analysis of industry sectors globally, and its purpose is to present emission reduction…
Electromagnetics Vol 2
Electromagnetics, volume 2 by Steven W. Ellingson is a 216-page peer-reviewed open textbook designed especially for electrical engineering students in the third year of a bachelor of science degree program. It is intended as the primary textbook for…
Graphic Design and Print Production Fundamentals
This textbook is written by a group of select experts with a focus on different aspects of the design process, from creation to production.Traditionally referred to as graphic design, communication design is the process by which messages and images…
Biofuels and Biochemicals Production
The high demand and depletion of petroleum reserves and the associated impact on the environment, together with volatility in the energy market price over the past three decades, have led to tremendous efforts in bio-based research activities,…
Optical Fiber and Applications
Discover the power and versatility of optical fiber in Optical Fiber and Applications. This comprehensive book explores the fundamental principles, advanced technologies, and wide-ranging applications of optical fiber that have revolutionized…
Human Resources in the Food Service and Hospitality Industry
Human Resources in the Food Services and Hospitality Industry is one of a series of Culinary Arts open textbooks developed to support the training of students and apprentices in British Columbia’s foodservice and hospitality industry. Although…
Conservation and Biodiversity
Biodiversity is perhaps the hottest topic in ecology textbooks and courses worldwide
today. One very basic (core) objective of country park management is to conserve
biodiversity.
today. One very basic (core) objective of country park management is to conserve
biodiversity.
Multimedia Technology
With the success of websites such as YouTube, streaming is no doubt one of the most important multimedia applications. This module explains two very different
approaches to building a streaming application.
With a streaming server such as Microsoft…
approaches to building a streaming application.
With a streaming server such as Microsoft…
A Foundation In Applied Mathematics
This module develops concepts and techniques for studying functions. You will learn about one of the foundations of applied mathematics, i.e. the algebraic and graphic methods for studying functions.
You'll be introduced to clear define and…
You'll be introduced to clear define and…
Contemporary Biology Development
We’ll begin with a brief introduction to the two main types of stem cells, embryonic
and adult stem cells. We’ll then discuss stem cell potency.
The second section “Stem cells in research and diseases management” will focus on
the opportunities…
and adult stem cells. We’ll then discuss stem cell potency.
The second section “Stem cells in research and diseases management” will focus on
the opportunities…
Advances in Chemical Synthesis
Organic chemistry belongs to a branch of chemistry that is generally associated with
compounds containing carbon. It is so important because millions of compounds that contain carbon are related to our daily lives, so organic chemistry has many…
compounds containing carbon. It is so important because millions of compounds that contain carbon are related to our daily lives, so organic chemistry has many…
Fundamentals Of Communications Technology
In this module, you will learn several basic concepts of communications systems such
as major building blocks of a communication system, properties of electromagnetic (EM) waves, and frequency allocation in communication systems.
You can quickly…
as major building blocks of a communication system, properties of electromagnetic (EM) waves, and frequency allocation in communication systems.
You can quickly…
Network Programming And Design
This module will enable you to understand various wireless technologies, especially
those that have been infused into our daily lives. Also, a range of wireless network
protocols and wireless LAN design models will be discussed. Another topic that…
those that have been infused into our daily lives. Also, a range of wireless network
protocols and wireless LAN design models will be discussed. Another topic that…
A Foundation In Pure Mathematics
Everyone in Hong Kong has heard of the Mark Six! Players select six different numbers from 49 possibilities in the hope of winning a small fortune - or possibly even a large one.
So how many different choices of six numbers out of 49 are there? If…
So how many different choices of six numbers out of 49 are there? If…
Emerging Technologies
Despite all advances in computing technologies, the human-computer interface and the interactions that it provides are the most fundamental. Some of the most anticipated advancements in computer technology lie in the area of interfaces – not least…
Computer Networks
Nowadays, everyone is using the Internet. We have hooked our computers to the
Internet, where we can access information and transmit messages. The Internet is a
very large computer network. Computer networks are so important in our daily life
that…
Internet, where we can access information and transmit messages. The Internet is a
very large computer network. Computer networks are so important in our daily life
that…
Computer And PC Designs
Before we go into details on various computer designs concepts, we need to
understand how to interpret the performance of a computer system. To start with, we will look at some basic metric and benchmarks for the measurement of a computer's…
understand how to interpret the performance of a computer system. To start with, we will look at some basic metric and benchmarks for the measurement of a computer's…
Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a widely used tool for assessing the
environmental implications of projects, policies and plans. It is also an integral part of the decision-making processes involving environmental issues. With the…
environmental implications of projects, policies and plans. It is also an integral part of the decision-making processes involving environmental issues. With the…
Environmental Control, Monitoring And Modeling
We start by defining air pollution and examining the main sources of air pollution. We then classify air pollutants according to origin, chemical composition, state of matter, and area of impact; and examine the effects of air pollution, particularly…
Web Site Design
Websites are created using a set of standard technologies. Many of these technologies
involve markup and programming languages for encoding page content and
specifying the appearance and interactive behaviour of Web elements. In this module,
you…
involve markup and programming languages for encoding page content and
specifying the appearance and interactive behaviour of Web elements. In this module,
you…
Product Environmental, Health and Safety Standards
This module provides you with the foundational knowledge you need to understand what 'products' are, and how they can be classified, designed, produced and disposed of in ways that best preserve and promote the integrity of the environment, and of…
Quantitative Models for Financial Risk
In recent decades, the fields of financial mathematics and financial risk evaluation
have undergone explosive development. Financial mathematics, broadly defined, is a
class of applied mathematics devoted to modelling and analysing financial…
have undergone explosive development. Financial mathematics, broadly defined, is a
class of applied mathematics devoted to modelling and analysing financial…
Safety and Reliability for Science and Technology
Safety and reliability are two important aspects of science and technology. They are
highly related, and they complement each other, i.e. they provide each other with
more information than could be obtained individually. When safety and reliability…
highly related, and they complement each other, i.e. they provide each other with
more information than could be obtained individually. When safety and reliability…
Principles of Managerial Economics
One standard definition for economics is the study of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. A second definition is the study of choice related to the allocation of scarce resources. The first definition indicates that…
Manufacturing and Inspection Technologies
In this module, we will look at how manufacturing systems have developed over the years, comparing and contrasting the various systems that have sprung up in different countries. We will then move into the present as we study four modern…
Quality Management For Science And Technology
We will first define and discuss some common definitions and measures of quality that have been put forward by quality philosophers. Next we will provide an overview of the historical development of quality management. In the third major section of…
Maximizing Mobile
2012
Information and Communications
for Developmen
Mobile phones, a rarity in many developing countries at the
turn of the century, now seem to be everywhere. Between
2000 and 2012, the number of mobile phones in use world-
wide grew from fewer than 1 billion to around 6 billion.…
turn of the century, now seem to be everywhere. Between
2000 and 2012, the number of mobile phones in use world-
wide grew from fewer than 1 billion to around 6 billion.…
Experiences in Biodiversity Research: A Field Course
This handbook was developed to support the course, Experiences in Biodiversity Research, which exists to provide early undergraduates with experience in the practice of biodiversity research and demystify the path to careers in this field. Although…
21st Century Media and Female Mental Health
This open access book examines the conversations around gendered mental health in contemporary Western media culture. While early 21st century-media was marked by a distinct focus on happiness, productivity and success, during the 2010s negative…
21st Century Media and Female Mental Health
This open access book examines the conversations around gendered mental health in contemporary Western media culture. While early 21st century-media was marked by a distinct focus on happiness, productivity and success, during the 2010s negative…
Communication Research into the Digital Society
Media and communication have become ubiquitous in today’s societies and affect all aspects of life. On an individual level, they impact how we learn about the world, how we entertain ourselves, and how we interact with others. On an organisational…
School Personnel Administration and Instructional Supervision
Generally, preparation programs remain segmented in topical categories such as
finance, leadership, law, curriculum, and yes, personnel. Life does not proceed that
way, nor does the day-to-day job of a school administrator. Administrators seldom…
finance, leadership, law, curriculum, and yes, personnel. Life does not proceed that
way, nor does the day-to-day job of a school administrator. Administrators seldom…
Literature, the Humanities, and Humanity
Literature, the Humanities, and Humanity attempts to make the study of literature more than simply another school subject that students have to take. At a time when all subjects seem to be valued only for their testability, this book tries to show…
Implementation of Chemometrics and Other Techniques as Means of Authenticity and Traceability to Detect Adulteration in Foods for the Protection of Human Health
Authenticity and traceability are crucial in order to overcome frauds in the international food trade. Control measures are perceived as the greatest vulnerability in the food supply chain. In order to decrease contribution to the overall perceived…
Working With Academic Literacies: Case Studies Towards Transformative Practice
The editors and contributors to this collection explore what it means to adopt an "academic literacies" approach in policy and pedagogy. Transformative practice is illustrated through case studies and critical commentaries from teacher-researchers…
Publishing Addiction Science : A Guide for the Perplexed
"Publishing Addiction Science is a comprehensive guide for addiction scientists facing the complex process of contributing to scholarly journals. Written by an international group of addiction journal editors and their colleagues, it discusses how…
Dalton State College APEX Calculus
This text for Analytic Geometry and Calculus I, II, and III is a Dalton State College remix of APEX Calculus 3.0. The text was created through a Round Six ALG Textbook Transformation Grant.
Topics covered in this text include:
Limits
…
Topics covered in this text include:
Limits
…
Plants, Society, and the Environment
Affordable Learning Georgia Grants Collections are intended to provide faculty with the frameworks to quickly implement or revise the same materials as a Textbook Transformation Grants team, along with the aims and lessons learned from project teams…
Model-Based Demography
Late in a career of more than sixty years, Thomas Burch, an internationally known social demographer, undertook a wide-ranging methodological critique of demography. This open access volume contains a selection of resulting papers, some previously…
Introductory Business Statistics with Interactive Spreadsheets
Introductory Business Statistics with Interactive Spreadsheets – 1st Canadian Edition is an adaptation of Thomas K. Tiemann’s book, Introductory Business Statistics. This new edition still contains the basic ideas behind statistics, such as…
Nuel Belnap on Indeterminism and Free Action
In this introduction to the Outstanding contributions to logic volume devoted to Nuel Belnap’s work on indeterminism and free action, we provide a brief overview of some of the formal frameworks and methods involved in Belnap’s work on these topics:…
Instruments for New Music: Sound, Technology, and Modernism
At publication date, a free ebook version of this title will be available through Luminos, University of California Press’s new open access publishing program for monographs. Visit www.luminosoa.org to learn more.
Player pianos, radio-electric…
Player pianos, radio-electric…
Instruments for New Music : Sound, Technology, and Modernism
Player pianos, radio-electric circuits, gramophone records, and optical sound film—these were the cutting-edge acoustic technologies of the early twentieth century, and for many musicians and artists of the time, these devices were also the…
Advances in Proof-Theoretic Semantics
This volume is the first ever collection devoted to the field of proof-theoretic semantics. Contributions address topics including the systematics of introduction and elimination rules and proofs of normalization, the categorial characterization of…
Advances in Proof-Theoretic Semantics
This volume is the first ever collection devoted to the field of proof-theoretic semantics. Contributions address topics including the systematics of introduction and elimination rules and proofs of normalization, the categorial characterization of…
Foundations of Academic Success: Words of Wisdom
Foundations of Academic Success: Words of Wisdom (FAS: WoW) introduces you to the various aspects of student and academic life on campus and prepares you to thrive as a successful college student (since there is a difference between a college student…
Introduction to Systems Biology: Workbook for Flipped-Classroom Teaching
This book is an introduction to the language of systems biology, which is spoken among many disciplines, from biology to engineering. Authors Thomas Sauter and Marco Albrecht draw on a multidisciplinary background and evidence-based learning to…
Precalculus
From the preface, "These are notes for a course in precalculus, as it is taught at New York City College of Technology - CUNY (where it is offered under the course number MAT 1375). Our approach is calculator based. For this, we will use the…
Abstract Algebra
This text is intended for a one or two-semester undergraduate course in abstract algebra. Traditionally, these courses have covered the theoretical aspects of groups, rings, and fields. However, with the development of computing in the last several…
Future Energy: Opportunities & Challenges
How can we produce enough sustainable energy while avoiding unacceptable environmental consequences? To evaluate the various energy options, we must understand the science of each potential energy source and energy use technology. This book presents…
The Conscience of Cinema
The Conscience of Cinema is not only a history of a rich and varied personal oeuvre by a prolific documentary maker who worked on every continent and through seven decades, from the 1920s to the 1980s. It is also the history of the aspiration to…
Technology in Sports
Explore the dynamic intersection of technology and sports in Technology in Sports - Recent Advances, New Perspectives, and Application. This comprehensive volume covers a wide array of topics, from the biomedical and legal aspects of nutrition for…
The AI Act and The Agile Safety Plan
This open access book aims to provide the reader with some basic insight into the AI Act (REGULATION (EU) 2024/1689) and its relevance for the development of high-risk AI systems. It covers all aspects relevant in a safety plan that should serve as…
Developmental Environmentalism
Why has East Asia emerged as the global leader in green energy industries but—until recently—lagged on carbon emission reduction? What is new and distinctive about East Asia’s approach to the green energy transition? And what does this approach mean…
Computational Methods and Application in Machine Learning
The present reprint contains 17 in total articles that are accepted and published in the Special Issue “Computational Methods and Application in Machine Learning, 2023” of the MDPI Mathematics journal. The articles cover a wide range of topics with…
Legal Fundamentals of Healthcare Law
Healthcare, a field dedicated to the well-being of individuals and communities, operates within an intricate web of legal principles. Understanding these laws is not simply a professional necessity for doctors, nurses, administrators, and…
Electronically Active Textiles
Electronically Active Textiles (e-textiles) are a type of textile material that has some form of electronic functionality. This can be achieved by attaching electronics onto the surface of the textile, incorporating electronic components as part of…
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Current State and Future Perspectives
Artificial intelligence (AI), which is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, is having a growing impact on healthcare. Via AI, researchers can provide new approaches to merge, analyze, and process complex “big data” and gain…
The Next War
The threat of nuclear conflict loomed menacingly over the world during the Cold War. Early warning of an attack was a crucial focus for military and political intelligence. Intelligence networks in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom…
Foundations of Aural Skills
is a research-based, accessible, relevant, creative, inclusive, empowering textbook for teaching introductory aural skills. The first seven chapters provide thorough instruction in aural fundamentals, allowing students to build their foundations…
Groundwater Contamination and Remediation
This Special Issue of Water brings together 10 studies on groundwater contamination and remediation. Common themes include practical techniques for plume identification and delineation, the central role of subsurface processes, the pervasiveness of…
Organic Chemistry With a Biological Emphasis: Volumes I
Open-access organic chemistry textbook (volumes I and II) in which the main focus is on relevance to biology and medicine. This is a PDF version of a wiki project called Chemwiki at the University of California, Davis. There are also supplementary…
Organic Chemistry With a Biological Emphasis: Volumes II
A free, open-access organic chemistry textbook (volumes I and II) in which the main focus is on relevance to biology and medicine. This is a PDF version of a wiki project called Chemwiki at the University of California, Davis. There are also…
Principles of Economics
Principles of Economics 2e (2nd edition) covers the scope and sequence of requirements for a two-semester introductory economics course. The authors take a balanced approach to micro-and macroeconomics, to both Keynesian and classical views, and to…
Advanced Nanoindentation in Materials
This Special Issue "Advanced Nanoindentation in Materials" contains some of the latest developments in the field of small-scale contact mechanics for a wide range of materials and biological cells. The featured manuscript revealed a new ultra-high…
Behavioral and Mental Health Problems in Children
Today’s world is fraught with crisis and uncertainty. This creates a significant obstacle in child rearing and development. Children, inherently a vulnerable demographic, are at the epicenter of these crises. Approaches to address these problems need…
Plankton Dreams: What I Learned in Special-Ed
In Plankton Dreams,Tito Rajarshi Mukhopadhyay crafts a proud, satiric style: the special ed student as literary troublemaker. 'Mother had always taught me to learn from circumstance,' he writes. 'Here, the circumstance was humiliation, a…
Foundational Sight Singing
Sight reading music can be a daunting endeavor for aspiring, and even experienced, musicians. Foundational Sight Singing was created to provide a systematic approach to learn to read, hear and perform music. The ordered presentation of both melodies…
Music Appreciation (Georgia Gwinnett College)
"The author of this text has intentionally kept it general in nature in order to create a platform for those who want to expand content into more in depth studies of the mentioned concepts and traditions. I believe that appreciation of any subject…
Methods for Measuring Greenhouse Gas Balances and Evaluating Mitigation Options in Smallholder Agriculture
This book provides standards and guidelines for quantifying greenhouse gas emissions and removals in smallholder agricultural systems and comparing options for climate change mitigation based on emission reductions and livelihood trade-offs.…
Introduction to Numerical Methods and Matlab Programming for Engineers
These notes were developed by the firsht author in the process of teaching a course on applied
numerical methods for Civil Engineering majors during 2002-2004 and was modified to include
Mechanical Engineering in 2005. The materials have been…
numerical methods for Civil Engineering majors during 2002-2004 and was modified to include
Mechanical Engineering in 2005. The materials have been…
The Science of Plants
An approachable guide to the fundamentals of plant science. Created for horticulture students, gardeners, science teachers, and anyone interested in understanding plants and how they grow. This is the required text for HORT 1001/6001 Plant…
Plastic Bodies: Rebuilding Sensation After Phenomenology
Sensation is a concept with a conflicted philosophical history. It has found as many allies as enemies in nearly every camp from empiricism to poststructuralism. Polyvalent, with an uncertain referent, and often overshadowed by intuition, perception,…
Sustainability: A Comprehensive Foundation
With “Sustainability: A Comprehensive Foundation”, first and second-year college students are introduced to this expanding new field, comprehensively exploring the essential concepts from every branch of knowledge – including engineering and the…
Global Challenges in Cardiovascular Prevention in Populations with Low Socioeconomic Status
Cardiovascular Prevention (CVP) has included important technological advances and determined improvements in morbidity and mortality since the last 70 and 60 years. However, in populations with socioeconomic limited resources even basic health…
Global Challenges in Cardiovascular Prevention in Populations with Low Socioeconomic Status
Cardiovascular Prevention (CVP) has included important technological advances and determined improvements in morbidity and mortality since the last 70 and 60 years. However, in populations with socioeconomic limited resources even basic health…
Health And Diseases Of Oral Cavity
Autoimmune bullous diseases are rare but represent a potentially devastating group of mucocutaneous diseases characterized by the presence of tissue-bound immunoreactants and circulating autoantibodies against various target antigens with disease…
Functional Polymer Composites : Synthesis, Characterization and Application
Functional polymer composites are showing increasing potential as materials in chemistry and materials science. Polymer composites, including nanocomposites, are made via the incorporation of fillers in polymer matrices and offer many advantages. The…
Hydrological Hazard: Analysis and Prevention
Due to the considerable impacts of hydrological hazards on water resources, natural environments, and human activities, as well as on human health and safety, climate variability and climate change have become key issues for the research community.…
Advances in Hydro-Meteorological Monitoring
This book presents a reprint of the Special Issue of the journal Water dedicated to “Advances in Hydro-Meteorological Monitoring”. As we planned, as editors, this Special Issue aimed to shed light on the more recent advances in ground observations…
Early Childhood Policies and Systems in Eight Countries
This report provides an overview of policy strategies on early childhood education settings (from birth to primary schooling) in eight countries. Data were collected using a policy questionnaire addressed to and completed by the National Research…
Teaching Mathematics at Secondary Level
Teaching Mathematics is nothing less than a mathematical manifesto. Arising in response to a limited National Curriculum, and engaged with secondary schooling for those aged 11 ̶ 14 (Key Stage 3) in particular, this handbook for teachers will help…
General Psychology: An Introduction
The NOBA Project is a growing collection of expert-authored, open-licensed modules in psychology, funded by the Diener Education Fund. From these open modules, Tori Kearns and Deborah Lee created an arranged open textbook for her introductory…
General Psychology: An Introduction
The NOBA Project is a growing collection of expert-authored, open-licensed modules in psychology, funded by the Diener Education Fund. From these open modules, Tori Kearns and Deborah Lee created an arranged open textbook for her introductory…
General Psychology: An Introduction
This module provides an introduction and overview of the historical development of the science and practice of psychology in America. Ever-increasing specialization within the field often makes it difficult to discern the common roots from which the…
Time Predictions: Understanding and Avoiding Unrealism in Project Planning and Everyday Life
The time prediction and planning capacity of the human race is particularly evident in some of the early great constructions. An excellent example is the building of the Great Pyramid of Giza, around 4500 years ago. We do not know much about the…
Towards Sustainable Good Health and Well-being
The purpose of this open access book is threefold. The first is to shed light on patient participation and health literacy for Good Health and Well-being, which is one of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. Health literacy is considered a…
Progress in Laser Accelerator and Future Prospects
The Laser Wakefield Acceleration (LWFA) has advanced the accelerating gradient many orders of magnitude over the conventional technologies. Their application to high energy accelerators has been considered, while a new field of micrometric…
Bio-Inspired Robotics
Modern robotic technologies have enabled robots to operate in a variety of unstructured and dynamically-changing environments, in addition to traditional structured environments. Robots have, thus, become an important element in our everyday lives.…
Biological Activity of Natural Secondary Metabolite Products
this text will present the book in all promotional forms (e.g. flyers). Please describe the book in straightforward and consumer-friendly terms. [Natural secondary metabolite products, which are isolated from plants, animals, microorganisms, etc.,…
Role and dynamics of 'Late-comers' in the global technology competition
Faster developing cycles and economic developments created many emerging economies in the 20th century. For sustainable economic growth, however, the construction and constant preservation of a profound knowledge base and technological pool is…
Politicizing Digital Space: Theory, the Internet, and Renewing Democracy
"The objective of this book is to outline how a radically democratic politics can be reinvigorated in theory and practice through the use of the internet. The author argues that politics in its proper sense can be distinguished from anti-politics…
Universities and Climate Action
Universities have a pivotal role to play in addressing the climate crisis, not only educating an increasingly large proportion of the global population, but also through scientific breakthroughs, technological innovation and raising public awareness.…
An Introduction to MATLAB and Mathcad
An introduction to programming and problem solving using both MATLAB and Mathcad.
An Introduction to Matlab and Mathcad
This textbook, or really a “coursebook” for a college freshman-level class, has been updated for Spring 2014 and provides an introduction to programming and problem solving using both Matlab and Mathcad. We provide a balanced selection of…
Athletes Performance and Analysis in Combat Sports and Martial Arts
This reprint, originally published as a Special Issue of Applied Sciences, focuses on the performance and analysis of athletes in combat sports and martial arts. The volume takes an interdisciplinary approach, exploring physiological, biomechanical,…
Quantum Mechanics
Quantum mechanics has brought a gigantic breakthrough to physics since its introduction more than a century ago. It has led to many discoveries at the microscopic level, initiated new pathways to unsuspected properties of matter, and produced new and…
Anthropometry, Body Composition and Resting Energy Expenditure in Human
Data on nutritional status of human populations are periodically needed, as well as their relationships with anthropometry, body composition, body image and energy expenditure, and also with health lifestyle outcomes. All these parameters contribute…
Informal Calculus with Applications to Biological and Environmental Sciences
This book is an approachable introduction to calculus with applications to biology and environmental science. For example, one application in the book is determining the volume of earth moved in the 1959 earthquake that created Quake Lake. Another…
Beginning and Intermediate Algebra
Beginning and Intermediate Algebra was designed to reduce textbook costs to students while not reducing the quality of materials. This text includes many detailed examples for each section along with several problems for students to practice and…
Aviation Maintenance Technician Handbook – Powerplant (FAA-H-8083-32B)
The Aviation Maintenance Technician Handbook–Powerplant (FAA-H-8083-32B) is one of a series of three handbooks for persons preparing for certification as a powerplant mechanic. It is intended that this handbook provide the basic information on…
Smart Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring
Smart sensors are technologies designed to facilitate the monitoring operations. For instance, power consumption can be minimized through on-board processing and smart interrogation algorithms, and state detection enhanced through collaboration…
Climate Neutral and Resilient Farming Systems
This book presents evidence-based research on climate-neutral and resilient farming systems and further to provide innovative and practical solutions for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating the impact of climate change. Intensive farming…
Business Processes and Information Technology
Business Processes and Information Technology takes a business process focus towards understanding and managing operations, information systems, and management/
decision making in contemporary organizations. A wide range of information
technologies…
decision making in contemporary organizations. A wide range of information
technologies…
X-Ray Contrast Media: Overview, Use and Pharmaceutical Aspects
This open access book is an overview on CT/X-ray contrast media designed for radiologists and other medical specialists who use contrast media in imaging and interventional procedures as well as related scientists on the use and pharmaceutical…
X-Ray Contrast Media: Overview, Use and Pharmaceutical Aspects
his open access book is an overview on CT/X-ray contrast media designed for radiologists and other medical specialists who use contrast media in imaging and interventional procedures as well as related scientists on the use and pharmaceutical aspects…
Reconsidering Constitutional Formation I National Sovereignty: A Comparative Analysis of the Juridification by Constitution
This open access book can be downloaded from link.springer.comLegal studies and consequently legal history focus on constitutional documents, believing in a nominalist autonomy of constitutional semantics. Reconsidering Constitutional Formation in…
Cropping Systems and Agronomic Management Practices of Field Crops
Agriculture is facing the challenge of the transition to sustainability under a changing climatic scenario. Understanding the complexity of the agroecosystems can favor research on innovative agronomic practices to guide this change. The optimization…
4th International Conference "Coordinating Engineering for Sustainability and Resilience" & Midterm Conference of CircularB “Implementation of Circular Economy in the Built Environment”
This open access book gathers the proceedings of the 4th International Conference “Coordinating Engineering for Sustainability and Resilience” (CESARE) & Midterm Conference of CircularB “Implementation of Circular Economy in the Built Environment”,…
AP Environmental Science
The earth's biogeochemical systems involve complex, dynamic processes that depend upon many factors. The three main factors upon which life on the earth depends.
Abiotic Stresses in Agroecology: A Challenge for Whole Plant Physiology
Understanding plant responses to abiotic stresses is central to our ability to predict the impact of global change and environmental pollution on the production of food, feed and forestry. Besides increasing carbon dioxide concentration and rising…
Plant Nutrient Dynamics in Stressful Environments
The papers included in this special issue cover a broad range of aspects ranging from genetics and breeding to crop production in the field. Climate change, intensified agriculture, modifications of land use, or pollution are often accompanied by…
The Role of Religion in Marriage and Family Life
The creation of this reprint was prompted by the creation of a section in the journal Religions, entitled "The Role of Religion in the Life of Marriage and Family". It contains several peer reviewed articles. The authors are specialists in various…
Playful Identities
In this edited volume, eighteen scholars examine the increasing role of digital media technologies in identity construction through play. Going beyond computer games, this interdisciplinary collection argues that present-day play and games are not…
The Story of Contract Law: Formation
This book is designed to teach contract doctrine beginning with the most fundamental concepts and building on these until the structure of contract doctrine as coherent and cohesive regulation appears. The order of presentation is, in fact, the…
A Laboratory Guide to Clinical Hematology
This is eBook will be constantly updated, edited, and reviewed as new emerging information arises.
Protecting the Rights of People with Autism in the Fields of Education and Employment: International, European and National Perspectives
Fundamental rights for all people with disabilities, education and employment are key for the inclusion of people with autism. They play as facilitators for the social inclusion of persons with autism and as multipliers for their enjoyment of other…
The Effects of LED Light Spectra and Intensities on Plant Growth
Light is the main source of energy for the primary process that sustains life on our planet, known as photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the strategy adopted by many living organisms for capturing and incorporating energy, and it is under this context…
Introduction to Neuroscience
Introduction to Neuroscience is designed for undergraduate students enrolled in introductory neuroscience courses. This book specifically targets students enrolled in Introduction to Neuroscience 1 and Introduction to Neuroscience 2 at Michigan…
Probability and statistics
With Response Surface Methods - Theory, Applications, and Optimization Techniques, one can unlock the full potential of experimental designs. This comprehensive guide delves into the complexity of Response Surface Methodology (RSM), offering both…
A Sound Approach to Noise and Health
This open access book highlights the negative and positive health effects of chronic exposure to environmental sound. It describes the state of the art in the field from a public health point of view and puts it in a broad societal perspective…
Microfluidics for Cells and Other Organisms
Microfluidics-based devices play an important role in creating realistic microenvironments in which cell cultures can thrive. They can, for example, be used to monitor drug toxicity and perform medical diagnostics, and be in a static-, perfusion- or…
Appendicitis
This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date examination of appendicitis, a condition that continues to present challenges to medical professionals worldwide. It explores the latest developments in minimally invasive surgical techniques,…
Advanced Technologies for Protein Complex Production and Characterization
This edited volume discusses the identification, discovery, characterization, structure determination and modeling of multicomponent macromolecular complexes, and as such, it fully complements the first volume (ISBN 978-3-319-27214-6), which targeted…
Sociology: Understanding and Changing the Social World
Most Americans probably agree that we enjoy a great amount of freedom. And yet perhaps we have less freedom than we think, because many of our choices are influenced by our society in ways we do not even realize. Perhaps we are not as distinctively…
Sociology: Understanding and Changing the Social World
Most Americans probably agree that we enjoy a great amount of freedom. And yet perhaps we have less freedom than we think, because many of our choices are influenced by our society in ways we do not even realize. Perhaps we are not as distinctively…
Carbohydrate Intake in Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Treatment
In 2011, carbohydrates provided 63% of the dietary energy intake to the world’s population. Historically, carbohydrate-rich diets have been associated with good health and longevity but there has been a move away from traditional carbohydrate-rich…
At the Edge of AI :
Human Computation Systems and Their Intraverting Relations
How are human computation systems developed in the field of citizen science to achieve what neither humans nor computers can do alone? Through multiple perspectives and methods, Libuse Hannah Veprek examines the imagination of these assemblages,…
Nutrition and Cancer
Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) may have beneficial clinical and immune-modulating effects in surgical patients. In a randomized, double-blind, prospective, placebo-controlled trial, 148 patients referred for elective colorectal cancer surgery received…
A Prodigy of Universal Genius: Robert Leslie Ellis, 1817-1859
Places Ellis at the heart of early-Victorian Cambridge with in-depth descriptions on his scientific work and tragic life Provides a unique glimpse into Victorian intellectual culture, based on previously unpublished archival materials This open…
A Prodigy of Universal Genius: Robert Leslie Ellis, 1817-1859
Places Ellis at the heart of early-Victorian Cambridge with in-depth descriptions on his scientific work and tragic life Provides a unique glimpse into Victorian intellectual culture, based on previously unpublished archival materials This open…
A Prodigy of Universal Genius: Robert Leslie Ellis, 1817-1859
Places Ellis at the heart of early-Victorian Cambridge with in-depth descriptions on his scientific work and tragic life Provides a unique glimpse into Victorian intellectual culture, based on previously unpublished archival materials This open…
Mobile Screens : The Visual Regime of Navigation
Nanna Verhoeff’s new book is a must for anybody interested in visual culture and media theory. It offers a rich and stimulating theoretical account of the central dimension of our contemporary existence – interfacing and navigating both data and…
Maximising Triathlon Health and Performance
This Special Issue presents some of the latest findings at the cutting edge of triathlon health and performance. The idea for this issue arose from round table discussions on how to optimise training and performance between Dr Veronica Vleck,…
Roles of NF-κB in Cancer and Their Therapeutic Approaches
Although mortality rates have declined in recent years, the majority of cancers are still difficult to treat and the medical need for better cancer treatment is evident. The current anticancer armamentarium includes many active agents that are…
A Visual Atlas for Soil Micromorphologists
This open access atlas is an up-to-date visual resource on the features and structures observed in soil thin sections, i.e. soil micromorphology. The book addresses the growing interest in soil micromorphology in the fields of soil science, earth…
Sensor Technology for Sports Monitoring
In order to be able to analyze and give proper advice on sport techniques, it is important to understand the biomechanical and physiological demands of different sports. In a coaching situation, feedback to the athlete should be given without too…
Almost Hollywood, Nearly New Orleans: The Lure of the Local Film Economy
Early in the twenty-first century, Louisiana, one of the poorest states in the United States, redirected millions in tax dollars from the public coffers in an effort to become the top location site globally for the production of Hollywood films and…
Geometry
Geometry is used in many areas—from art to science. For example, geometry plays a key role in construction, fashion design, architecture, and computer graphics. This course focuses on the main ideas of geometry that are the foundation of applications…
Traffic Flow Theory: An introduction with exercises
Traffic processes cause several problems in the world. Traffic delay, pollution are some of it. They can be solved with the right road design or traffic management (control) measure. Before implementing these designs of measures, though, their effect…
A Computational Introduction to Number Theory and Algebra
All of the mathematics required beyond basic calculus is developed “from scratch.” Moreover, the book generally alternates between “theory” and “applications”: one or two chapters on a particular set of purely mathematical concepts are followed by…
Trends in Microextraction Techniques for Sample Preparation
Micro-extraction techniques in sample preparation are gaining interest among analytical chemists as they comply with green analytical chemistry demands and ensure environmental protection and public safety. Savings in cost and time are considered as…
Child-Centred Music Therapy
This open access book draws on recent developments in children’s rights, particularly concerning the child’s right to participation, provision and protection. Since 1989, the UNCRC has become a catalogue of rights that expresses legal norms used by…
Evolutionary Computation
Evolutionary computation offers powerful problem-solving methodologies inspired by models of natural genetics and evolutionary processes. Potential applications are wide-ranging and include problems related to combinatorial optimization, numerical…
From Electronic to Mobile Government
The open access book combines insights from policy sciences (backgrounds of cross-border coordination challenges), design science (development of architectures for mobile services), information ethics (privacy and security of e-government services in…
Catalysis for Low Temperature Fuel Cells
Today, the development of active and stable catalysts still represents a challenge to be overcome in
the research field of low-temperature fuel cells. Operation at low temperatures offers great advantages, such as quick start-up and longer stability,…
the research field of low-temperature fuel cells. Operation at low temperatures offers great advantages, such as quick start-up and longer stability,…
Essays in Political Economy and International Public Finance
The essays of the book are contributions to the game theoretic analysis of the State. Two of the essays develop further the analysis of political accountability. Political accountability is the study of how the behavior of politicians is shaped by…
Physiological Aspects of Plant Response to Pathogens and Abiotic Stress—2nd Edition
This reprint aims to introduce the readers to the latest research in plant physiology under the stimulation of various biotic and abiotic stresses. Environmental factors can affect plant primary and secondary metabolite-dependent processes and,…
Conducting Mixed-Methods Research: From Classical Social Sciences to the Age of Big Data and Analytics
Scholars in the social sciences are increasingly expected to incorporate both quantitative and qualitative techniques and methods into their research. The growth of “mixed-methods” research is evident in social science disciplines ranging from…
Development of a System for Fast Identification and Characterization of Biological Cells
Bio Impedance Spectroscopy (BIS) consists in the application of a small frequency variable electrical signal to a biological material and measuring its response. This research explores BIS applied to cancer and healthy cells and tissues, with the…
Clinical Biochemistry
The pre-analytical phase is defined as the period from the physician’s indication of the test up to the laboratory
analysis of the biological material. In other words, this phase involves an individual’s preparation for collection of the biological…
analysis of the biological material. In other words, this phase involves an individual’s preparation for collection of the biological…
Hydrocarbon
The theory of the abiogenic deep origin of hydrocarbons recognizes that the petroleum is a primordial material of deep origin [Kutcherov, Krayushkin 2010]. This theory explains that hydrocarbon compounds generate in the asthenosphere of the Earth and…
Mineralogical Crystallography
Crystallography remains, for mineralogy, one of the main sources of information on natural crystalline substances. A description of mineral species shape is carried out according to the principles of geometric crystallography; the crystal structure…
Antique Dealing and Creative Reuse in Cairo and Damascus 1850-1890
The commodification of Islamic antiques intensified in the late Ottoman Empire, an age of domestic reform and increased European interference following the Tanzimat (reorganisation) of 1839. Mercedes Volait examines the social life of typical objects…
The Essence of Software Engineering
This open access book includes contributions by leading researchers and industry thought leaders on various topics related to the essence of software engineering and their application in industrial projects. It offers a broad overview of research…
GRADE 11 PHYSICAL SCIENCES.
VERSION 1 CAPS
In grade 10 you learnt about vectors in one dimension. Now we will take these concepts further and learn about vectors in two dimensions as well as components of vectors. As a very short recap, a vector has both a magnitude and a direction. There are…
GRADE 12 PHYSICAL SCIENCES.
VERSION 1 CAPS
This book deals with the physical sciences - physics and chemistry. All the sciences are based in the use of
experiment and testing to understand the world around us better. The scientific method requires us to constantly re-examine our…
experiment and testing to understand the world around us better. The scientific method requires us to constantly re-examine our…
Linear Algebra with Applications
This textbook is an introduction to the ideas and techniques of linear algebra for first- or second-year students with a working knowledge of high school algebra. The contents have enough flexibility to present
a traditional introduction to the…
a traditional introduction to the…
Linear Algebra with Applications - 2023-A-D
The aim of this textbook is to achieve a balance among computational skills, theory, and applications of linear algebra. It is a relatively advanced introduction to the ideas and techniques of linear algebra targeted for science and engineering…
Linear Algebra with Applications. Open Edition
This textbook is an introduction to the ideas and techniques of linear algebra for first- or second-year
students with a working knowledge of high school algebra. The contents have enough flexibility to present
a traditional introduction to the…
students with a working knowledge of high school algebra. The contents have enough flexibility to present
a traditional introduction to the…
Elementary Algebra
Elementary Algebra is a work text that covers the traditional topics studied in a modern elementary algebra course. Use of this book will help the student develop the insight and intuition necessary to master algebraic techniques and manipulative…
Molecular Modeling in Drug Design
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue Molecular Modeling in Drug Design that was published in Molecules
Designing Knowledge Economies for Disaster Resilience
Disaster research has been studied from many angles, seldom targeting its implications for vulnerable territories in Africa. Entities most subject to the effects of climate change are often undeveloped and located in disadvantaged regions.…
Modern Technology and Traditional Husbandry of Broiler Farming
Modern Technology and Traditional Husbandry of Broiler Farming offers essential insights for thriving in today’s evolving poultry landscape by harmonizing cutting-edge technology with time-honored practices. Explore optimal nutrition strategies to…
Groundwater Frontiers
Groundwater occurs throughout the complex subsurface of the globe, and it is an unexplored zone of great scientific and environmental importance. The book Groundwater Frontiers - Techniques and Challenges examines hydrogeological research and…
Anthropologies of Global Maternal and Reproductive Health
This open access edited book brings together new research on the mechanisms by which maternal and reproductive health policies are formed and implemented in diverse locales around the world, from global policy spaces to sites of practice. The authors…
Health Security Intelligence :
Managing Emerging Threats and Risks in a Post-Covid World
The book takes a multi-disciplinary approach to explore the role national security intelligence agencies played in supporting national governments’ response to COVID-19. Spanning the ‘Five Eyes’ intelligence countries (UK, USA, Canada, Australia and…
Modern Philosophy
This is a textbook (or better, a workbook) in modern philosophy. It combines readings from primary sources with two pedagogical tools. Paragraphs in italics introduce figures and texts. Numbered study questions (also in italics) ask students to…
Crop Improvement
This textbook covers basic principles in the genetic improvement of crop plants. Emphasis is placed on methods of cultivar development in self-pollinating, cross-pollinating, and asexually propagating crops. Relevant examples of crop improvement…
Crop Improvement
This textbook covers basic principles in the genetic improvement of crop plants. Emphasis is placed on methods of cultivar development in self-pollinating, cross-pollinating, and asexually propagating crops. Relevant examples of crop improvement…
Plant Breeding Methods
This text has been compiled to provide an overview of how plant breeders develop cultivars of plant species. The methods that breeders use depend directly on the type of cultivar used to produce a commercial crop. The four most common types of…
Principles of Cultivar Development
Principles of Cultivar Development is intended to help you learn how to be a successful manager of a cultivar development program. In this text, you will apply the principles learned in Plant Breeding Methods to design a breeding program that makes…
Quantitative Methods for
Plant Breeding
This open textbook covers common statistics used in agriculture research, including experimental design in plant breeding and genetics, as well as the analysis of variance, regression, and correlation.
Crop Genetics
This book provides an introduction to genetic concepts such as reproductive systems, recombination, mutation, segregation and linkage analysis, inbreeding, quantitative inheritance, fertility regulation, population genetics and polyploidy.
Genetics, Agriculture, and Biotechnology
This textbook provides an introduction to plant genetics and biotechnology for the advancement of agriculture. A clear and structured introduction to the topic for learners new to the field of genetics, the book includes: an introduction to the life…
Cultivar Development
This open textbook places emphasis on the design of a process pipeline for continuous development of new improved cultivars as a means to implement the cycle of crop improvement. Essential topics in New Line Development and New Line Evaluation are…
Gender in Science and Technology : Interdisciplinary Approaches
What role does gender play in scientific research and the development of new technologies? This book provides methodological expertise, research experiences and empirical findings in the dynamic field of Science and Technology Studies. Topics range…
Electromyographic Continuous
Speech is the natural medium of human communication, but audible speech can be overheard by bystanders and excludes speech-disabled people. This work presents a speech recognizer based on surface electromyography, where electric potentials of the…
Learning to Understand Remote Sensing Images
With the recent advances in remote sensing technologies for Earth observation, many different remote sensors are collecting data with distinctive properties. The obtained data are so large and complex that analyzing them manually becomes impractical…
Annual Report on the Big Data of New Energy Vehicle in China (2021)
This open access book, based on static indicators and dynamic big data from local electric vehicles, is the first New-Energy Vehicles (NEVs) research report on the Big Data in China. Using the real-time big data collected by China's National…
Annual Report on the Big Data of New Energy Vehicle in China (2021)
This open access book, based on static indicators and dynamic big data from local electric vehicles, is the first New-Energy Vehicles (NEVs) research report on the Big Data in China. Using the real-time big data collected by China's National…
Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a common neurological disease that can affect all ages. Although the majority of people with epilepsy can have excellent seizure control with medication, about 30% will fail anti-epileptic drugs. For those with medically intractable…
Veterinary Epidemiology: Principles and Methods
The purpose of this textbook is to provide an introductory, yet comprehensive, source of information on epidemiology for veterinary students, researchers, and practitioners. There has not been a textbook that presents analytic epidemiology as a…
Computer Algebra in Scientific Computing
Although scientific computing is very often associated with numeric computations, the use of computer algebra methods in scientific computing has obtained considerable attention in the last two decades. Computer algebra methods are especially…
Kernel Methods and Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithms in Energy Forecasting
The development of kernel methods and hybrid evolutionary algorithms (HEAs) to support experts in energy forecasting is of great importance to improving the accuracy of the actions derived from an energy decision maker, and it is crucial that they…
Molecular Science for Drug Development and Biomedicine
With the avalanche of biological sequences generated in the postgenomic age, molecular science is facing an unprecedented challenge, i.e., how to timely utilize the huge amount of data to benefit human beings. Stimulated by such a challenge, a rapid…
Advances in Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage Technologies (CCUS)
CCUS (carbon capture, utilization, and storage) is the technology most commonly recognized globally as being capable of achieving the goal of carbon neutrality.
Crystal Chemistry of Zinc, Cadmium and Mercury
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue Crystal Chemistry of Zinc, Cadmium and Mercury that was published in Crystals
Study on Crack Resistance of Concrete
Concrete cracking is a crucial factor that threatens the durability and strength of concrete. Especially for concrete building structures with complex working environments such as hydraulic structures and long-span building structures, concrete…
Becoming America: An Exploration of American Literature from Precolonial to Post-Revolution
The University of North Georgia Press and Affordable Learning Georgia bring you Becoming America: An Exploration of American Literature from Precolonial to Post-Revolution. Featuring sixty-nine authors and full texts of their works, the selections in…
The Gordon State College Writing Handbook
Members of the Gordon faculty have collaborated on the authorship of this guide, and it is targeted directly at Gordon students to help them with their writing across the GSC curriculum. This guide provides at least three distinct advantages over…
Influence of fully miscible lubrication oil on flow boiling of CO? inside horizontal evaporator tubes
Flow boiling heat transfer, pressure drop and flow pattern of CO?-POE oil mixtures were experimentally investigated in smooth and micro-fin tubes. The POE oil used features full miscibility in the range of operation investigated. The experimental…
The Fundamentals of Healthcare Administration: Navigating Challenges and Coordinating Care
This book is written for those interested in acquiring a thorough knowledge base relative to the intricacies of the organizational theories, customs, and insights significant to the management of health service organizations. It examines the…
Human Behavior and the Social Environment II
These materials will help students and instructors alike explore human behavior and how it is shaped and impacted by both traditional and non-traditional paradigms. This text will also support the reader in having a deeper understanding of how the…
Matching minors in bipartite graphs
In this thesis we adapt fundamental parts of the Graph Minors series of Robertson and Seymour for the study of matching minors and investigate a connection to the study of directed graphs. We develope matching theoretic to established results of…
3 Degrees More :
The Impending Hot Season and How Nature Can Help Us Prevent It
This open access book describes in detail what life on this planet would be like if its average surface temperature were to rise 3 degrees Celsius above the preindustrial level. On this basis, the book argues that it is imperative to keep this…
MARE-WINT: New Materials and Reliability in Offshore Wind Turbine Technology
This book provides a holistic, interdisciplinary overview of offshore wind energy, and is a must-read for advanced researchers. Topics, from the design and analysis of future turbines, to the decommissioning of wind farms, are covered. The scope of…
Applied Ecology
Applied ecology is a framework for the application of knowledge about ecosystems so
that actions can be taken to create a better balance and harmony between people and
nature in order to reduce human impact on other beings and their habitats.
that actions can be taken to create a better balance and harmony between people and
nature in order to reduce human impact on other beings and their habitats.
Marketing
Marketing is the science of meeting the needs of a customer by providing valuable
products to customers by utilizing the expertise of the organization, at same time, to achieve organizational goals. According to The American Marketing Association…
products to customers by utilizing the expertise of the organization, at same time, to achieve organizational goals. According to The American Marketing Association…
Principles of Finance
Finance is an imprecise generalization that may encompass several branches of
economics, law and general know-how on managing valuable assets. From simple
currency and property to bonds and other more complex financial instruments.…
economics, law and general know-how on managing valuable assets. From simple
currency and property to bonds and other more complex financial instruments.…
General Chemistry
Wikibooks is for textbooks, annotated texts, instructional guides, and manuals. These materials can be used in a traditional classroom, an accredited or respected institution, a home-school environment, or for self-learning.
Communication Theory
This book is an introduction to communication theory — the theory of how humans share, encode, and decode what they know, what they need, and what they expect from each other.
Project Management For Instructional Designers
Project Management for Instructional Designers (PM4ID) is – as the name suggests – a book about project management tailored specifically for instructional designers. This book is a revise / remix of a pre-existing, openly licensed project management…
PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR INSTRUCTIONAL
DESIGNERS
PROJECT MANAGEMENT, INSTRUCTIONAL
DESIGNERS
DESIGNERS
Atomic Physics for Everyone: An Introduction to Atomic Physics, Quantum Mechanics, and Precision Spectroscopy with No College-Level Prerequisites
This open access textbook introduces beginning undergraduate students and high school students to the world of quantum mechanics and atomic spectroscopy. Requiring no previous knowledge of physics and no math beyond basic algebra and sines and…
Atomic Physics for Everyone
This open access textbook introduces beginning undergraduate students and high school students to the world of quantum mechanics and atomic spectroscopy. Requiring no previous knowledge of physics and no math beyond basic algebra and sines and…
Electrolysers, Fuel Cells and Batteries: Analytical Modelling
Electrochemical engineering deals with electrochemical devices like electrolysers, fuel cells, and batteries. While several excellent books exist in this long-standing and still growing field, their focus is usually on chemistry or phenomenology. In…
Polaris : The Chief Scientist's Recollections of the American North Pole Expedition, 1871-73
Emil Bessels was chief scientist and medical officer on George Francis Hall's ill-fated American North Pole Expedition of 1871-73 on board the ship Polaris. Bessels' book, translated from the German in its entirety for the first time, is one of…
Plant Selection for Bioretention Systems and Stormwater Treatment Practices
As cities develop, more land is converted into impervious surfaces, which do not allow water to infiltrate. Careful urban planning is needed to ensure that the hydrologic cycle and water quality of the catchment areas are not affected. There are…
Elementary Diferrential Equantions
Elementary Differential Equations by William F. Trench Andrew G. Cowles Distinguished Professor Emeritus, Department of Mathematics, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas, USA,Previously published by Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning, 2000. This book has…
Elementary Differential Equations
In order to apply mathematical methods to a physical or “real life” problem, we must formulate the problem in mathematical terms; that is, we must construct a mathematical model for the problem. Many
physical problems concern relationships between…
physical problems concern relationships between…
Elementary Differential Equations
Elementary Differential Equations with Boundary Value Problems is written for students in science, engineering, and mathematics who have completed calculus through partial differentiation. If your syllabus includes Chapter 10 (Linear Systems of…
Focusing on Organizational Change
Never before have strategic leaders been confronted with so much overwhelming change. The traditional approach is to teach the leader or leaders how to direct or control the organizations’ reaction on a monthly, weekly, or even daily basis. This…
Basic Income Tax
This book is the 4th edition of a basic income tax text. It is intended to be a readable text, suitable for a three-hour course for a class comprised of law students with widely different backgrounds. The text integrates several of the CALI drills…
Introduction To Linear, Time-Invariant, Dynamic Systems For Students Of Engineering
Permission of the author is granted for reproduction in any form of this book or any part of this book, provided that there is appropriate attribution, for example, by a citation in the References section of a technical article, and provided that the…
Elementary Differential Equations with Boundary Value Problems
Elementary Differential Equations with Boundary Value Problems is written for students in science, engineering, and mathematics who have completed calculus through partial differentiation.
An elementary text should be written so the student…
An elementary text should be written so the student…
Introduction to Real Analysis
This is a text for a two-term course in introductory real analysis for junior or senior mathematics majors and science students with a serious interest in mathematics. Prospective educators or mathematically gifted high school students can also…
Human Biology
This textbook has been created with several goals in mind: accessibility, customization, and student engagement—all while encouraging students toward high levels of academic scholarship. Students will find that this textbook offers a strong…
Sustainable Marketing, Branding and CSR in the Digital Economy
Sustainable marketing practice is essential for developing a more comprehensive understanding of consumers’ purchase decisions in dynamic digital marketing environments. Scholars and practitioners conceive sustainable marketing practices as episodic,…
Earth, Space, and Environmental Science Explorations with ArcGIS Pro - Second Edition
When I first started teaching Geographic Information Systems (GIS) over 15 years ago, there were only a handful of GIS tutorial books on the market. While a few of them focused on a particular theme, many of them were mainly technical publications…
Transient behaviour of ITER poloidal field coils
Transient voltages occur on the terminals of superconducting coils and may lead to internal over-voltages. The main objective of this work was to calculate the transient electrical behaviour and internal voltage distribution within the ITER poloidal…
Planning the Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles in Cities and Regions
Planning the charging infrastructure for electric vehicles (EVs) is a new challenging task. This book treats all involved aspects: charging technologies and norms, interactions with the electricity system, electrical installation, demand for charging…
An Introductory Course in Elementary Number Theory
Integers are the building blocks of the theory of numbers. This chapter contains somewhat very simple and obvious observations starting with properties of integers and yet the proofs behind those observations are not as simple. In this chapter
we…
we…
Optical antennas : linear and nonlinear excitation and emission
The linear and nonlinear resonance behaviour of optical antennas (metallic nanostructures showing resonance behaviour at optical frequencies) made of gold and aluminum using electron-beam lithography is investigated. Specifically, it is of interest…
Modeling and Selection of Software Service Variants
Providers and consumers have to deal with variants of software services, which are alternative instances of a services design, implementation, deployment, or operation. This work develops the service feature modeling language to represent software…
Connecting Mathematics and Mathematics Education
This open access book features a selection of articles written by Erich Ch. Wittmann between 1984 to 2019, which shows how the “design science conception” has been continuously developed over a number of decades. The articles not only describe this…
Khazanah Pernaskahan Nusantara: Rekam Jejak dan Perkembangan Kontemporer
Khazanah pernaskahan Nusantara adalah harta karun intelektual yang mencatat warisan budaya dan sejarah masyarakat Nusantara. Naskah-naskah Nusantara yang berupa manuskrip atau naskah kuno tersebut mengandung kekayaan informasi yang melimpah, mencakup…
Shareholders, Strategy and Value Creation
The central task of contemporary strategic management is to look for sources of value and to achieve above- average firm performance. The effective implementation of a value creation strategy requires a comprehensive approach, including the creation…
Ultrafast photophysics and photochemistry of radical precursors in solution
The photoinduced dynamics of radical precursors in solution were investigated by means of femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy assisted by quantum chemical calculations. The investigated systems show a wide range of excited state lifetimes…
Quantum description of light, Part 2
In this lecture, the professor discussed fluctuations and noise, and the single photon.
Introduction to Atomic Physics
This lecture provides a general overview of atomic, molecular, and optical (AMO) physics.
Quantum description of light, Part 1
In this lecture, the professor discussed single mode light, thermal states, coherent states
Voices in Psychosis
Voices in Psychosis: Interdisciplinary Perspectives deepens and extends the understanding of hearing voices in psychosis in a striking way. For the first time, this collection brings multiple disciplinary, clinical and experiential perspectives to…
World Development Indicators 2003
'World Development Indictors 2003' contains reliable quantitative data which is essential for understanding economic and social development because it provides evidence--evidence to set policies, monitor progress, and evaluate results. 'World…
Global Economic Prospects Broad-Based Upturn, but for How Long?
The global economy is in a broad-based cyclical recovery. Investment, manufacturing and trade are on the rebound. Financing conditions are benign, monetary policies are generally accommodative, and the worst impacts of the recent commodity price…
MCQs in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery - Local and General Anesthetics
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery MCQs - Local and General Anesthetics
Practice these MCQs for MDS entrance preparation in AIIMS, COMEDK, AIPG, PGI, BHU, etc. Also useful for ADA, NBDE, NDEB and other dental board exams. Please Share and Subscribe to…
Practice these MCQs for MDS entrance preparation in AIIMS, COMEDK, AIPG, PGI, BHU, etc. Also useful for ADA, NBDE, NDEB and other dental board exams. Please Share and Subscribe to…
Micro/Nano-Chip Electrokinetics
Micro/nanofluidic chips have found increasing applications in the analysis of chemical and biological samples over the past two decades. Electrokinetics has become the method of choice in these micro/nano-chips for transporting, manipulating and…
Breeding Strategies for Healthy and Sustainable Development of Animal Husbandry
Healthy and sustainable animal husbandry is the goal of animal breeding. This book provides a detailed overview of applications of post-genome era techniques for livestock genetics and breeding. It also describes techniques for genetically selecting…
Advanced Techniques for the Analysis of Protein and RNA
Proteins and RNAs are vital components of cellular machinery, playing diverse roles from structural functions to regulating signaling pathways and cellular processes. Their involvement is especially critical during development and in response to…
High Fat Diet with Chronic Diseases
This Special Issue, "High Fat Diet with Chronic Diseases," delves into the intricate relationship between dietary fat intake and chronic disease. Via a comprehensive exploration of topics such as obesity and metabolic disorders, pancreatic health and…
Studies on the Real Estate Market and Property Management in the Post-pandemic Era
This reprint provides a comprehensive analysis of the evolving landscape of real estate markets and property management in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. It explores how the global health crisis accelerated structural changes in housing demand…
Organic Chemistry I
An open textbook that is suitable for the first semester of Organic Chemistry. Basic concepts of the structures and reactivities of organic molecules are covered in this open textbook. Besides the fundamental discussions of organic acids-bases,…
Plant–Soil–Microorganism Interaction in Grassland Agroecosystem
Plant–soil–microorganism interactions span a vast continuum, from beneficial to detrimental, and play a major role in natural and agricultural ecosystems. Beneficial or mutualistic plant-colonizing microbiology is widely distributed and provides…
Application of Artificial Intelligence in Maritime Transportation
Maritime transportation assumes a large number of cargo-delivering tasks in world trade. It is noted that maritime traffic safety and efficiency may be affected by varied factors such as weather, ship crew proficiency, etc. The topic Reprint focuses…
Innovation and Evolution in Higher Education
Higher education fulfills vital functions in talent cultivation, scientific research, social service, and innovation. Its innovation and transformation play a critical role in societal development. In recent years, countries around the world have…
Agricultural Environment and Intelligent Plant Protection Equipment
The agricultural environment refers to the combination of various natural and artificially modified natural factors that affect the survival and development of agricultural organisms, including farmland, forest, grassland, irrigation water, air,…
Digital Foundations: Introduction to Media Design with the Adobe Creative Cloud, Revised Edition
Digital Foundations uses formal exercises of the Bauhaus to teach the Adobe Creative Suite. All students of digital design and production—whether learning in a classroom or on their own—need to understand the basic principles of design in order to…
Risk Assessment for Biological Invasions
This Special Issue aims to address the complex challenges associated with invasive alien species and the critical role of risk assessment in managing these threats. The issue underscores the importance of prioritizing limited resources to identify…
Advances in Multi-Sensor Information Fusion: Theory and Applications 2017
The information fusion technique can integrate a large amount of data and knowledge representing the same real-world object and obtain a consistent, accurate and useful representation of that object. The data may be independent or redundant, and can…
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Wood- and Bamboo-Based Materials
The purpose of this reprint is to furnish readers with the most recent advancements in wood and bamboo processing applications. The reprint covers a wide range of topics, from the preservation of archaeological wood and the mechanisms behind the…
Agricultural Land Use and Rural Development
Agricultural land provides essential goods and services for human society, and it is the basis for ensuring food security and rural development. Under the background of rapid urbanization, population growth, and climate change, the use of…
Microstructure, Characterization and Mechanical Properties of Coal and Coal-Like Materials
In view of the general trend that the development of the global energy industry is oriented toward green, low-carbon, and efficient utilization, scientific research teams in various fields dominated by the coal industry have conducted much research…
Preharvest and Postharvest Factors Improving Horticultural Crops Quality and Shelf-Life
The quality and safety of fresh horticultural products involves their own development, environmental factors, and interactions with postharvest pathogens. Effective pre- and post-harvest techniques play a key role in improving the quality of fresh…
Advances in Frontier Research on Engineering Structures
This is an open access book. This book focuses on the research of advanced structures and anti-seismic in civil engineering. It features the most cutting-edge research directions and achievements related to civil and structural engineering. Subjects…
First Semester in Numerical Analysis with Python
The book is based on “First semester in Numerical Analysis with Julia”, written by Giray Ökten. The contents of the original book are retained, while all the algorithms are implemented in Python (Version 3.8.0). Python is an open source (under OSI),…
Bio-Inspired Smart Machines : Structure, Mechanisms and Applications
By imitating certain characteristics of creatures in nature, such as grasp, twist, locomotion, or flying, etc., bio-inspired smart machines can engage in certain difficult tasks instead of human beings, such as medical surgery, rapid manufacture and…
Plant Metabolic Genetic Engineering
Plant metabolic engineering is an effective strategy to produce desired chemicals, enhance natural compound yields, and design novel metabolites through genetic modifications. This Reprint comprises 10 studies addressing critical challenges in…
Cultural Integration of Immigrants in Europe
The concepts of cultural diversity and cultural identity are at the forefront of the political debate in many western societies. In Europe, the discussion is stimulated by the political pressures associated with immigration flows, which are…
Cultural Integration of Immigrants in Europe
The concepts of cultural diversity and cultural identity are at the forefront of the political debate in many western societies. In Europe, the discussion is stimulated by the political pressures associated with immigration flows, which are…
Genetic Algorithms
In this edition of Genetic Algorithms - Theory, Design and Programming, we present a series of scientific contributions that delve into the intricate theoretical foundations and practical nuances of genetic algorithms (GAs). Beyond the academic…
Advances in Photoelectric Tracking Systems
The photoelectric tracking system, which is made up of optical, mechanical, electrical, and computer components, is in charge of tracking targets at extremely long distances. Tracking accuracy and stability accuracy are two of the system's most…
Advances in Photoelectric Tracking Systems
The photoelectric tracking system, which is made up of optical, mechanical, electrical, and computer components, is in charge of tracking targets at extremely long distances. Tracking accuracy and stability accuracy are two of the system's most…
Computers and Games for Mental Health and Well-Being
Recent years have seen important developments in the computer and game industry, including the emergence of the concept of serious games. It is hypothesized that tools such as games, virtual reality, or applications for smartphones may foster…
Cancer Biomarkers and Targets in Digestive Organs
Identification and development of cancer biomarkers and targets have greatly accelerated progress towards precision medicine in oncology. Studies of tumor biology have not only provided insights into the mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis, but also…
Planning, Development and Management of Sustainable Cities
The concept of ‘sustainable urban development’ has been pushed to the forefront of policymaking and politics as the world wakes up to the impacts of climate change and the destructive effects of the Anthropocene. Climate change has emerged to be one…
Students’ Collaborative Problem Solving in Mathematics Classrooms
This open access book provides key insights into the social fundamentals of learning and indications of social interactive modes conducive and restrictive of that learning in China. Combining theoretical and technical advances in an innovative…
Design and Optimization of Pharmaceutical Gels
This Special Issue, entitled “Design and Optimization of Pharmaceutical Gels”, in Gels, was established to shed light on gels in terms of material development, system construction, structural characterization, and the effect for disease treatment,…
Advances in Knee Surgery
In the orthopedic surgical field, knee surgeries, including articular cartilage repair procedures, meniscus surgery, ligament reconstruction surgery, osteotomy surgery, and partial/total knee arthroplasty surgery, have made great advances over the…
Effects of Physical Activity on Chronic Disease
This Special Issue focuses on the recent research on the effect of physical activity on chronic diseases, including COPD, other lung diseases, cognitive impairment, irritable bowel syndrome, and atherosclerosis . The associated factors, the…
Postharvest Management of Fruits and Vegetables Series II
The following research articles provides insights into advanced fruit preservation and quality enhancement techniques. Mango Quality Enhancement: Studies show that treatments incorporating 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and melatonin significantly…
Extracellular Fine Particles
This open access book elucidates new biological phenomena caused by extracellular fine particles and highlights the development of base technologies for their control. In this book, the latest knowledge is collected on the principles of extracellular…
Harmonic Oscillators and Two-by‑two Matrices in Symmetry Problems in Physics
This book consists of the articles published in the special issues of this Symmetry journal based on two-by-two matrices and harmonic oscillators. The book also contains additional articles published by the guest editor in this Symmetry journal. They…
Novel Insights into Orbital Angular Momentum Beams: From Fundamentals, Devices to Applications
It is well-known by now that the angular momentum carried by elementary particles can be categorized as spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM). In the early 1900s, Poynting recognized that a particle, such as a photon, can…
Advanced DSP Techniques for High-Capacity and Energy-Efficient Optical Fiber Communications
The rapid proliferation of the Internet has been driving communication networks closer and closer to their limits, while available bandwidth is disappearing due to an ever-increasing network load. Over the past decade, optical fiber communication…
Perspectives on Nuclear Medicine for Molecular Diagnosis and Integrated Therapy
t Quantitative four-dimensional (4D) image reconstruction methods with respiratory and cardiac motion compensation are an active area of research in ECT imaging, including SPECT and PET. They are the extensions of three-dimensional (3D) statistical…
Contemporary Issues in Human Rights Law: Europe and Asia
his book analyzes issues in human rights law from a variety of perspectives by eminent European and Asian professors of constitutional law, international public law, and European Union law. As a result, their contributions collected here illustrate…
Second Edition of Municipal Wastewater Treatment
Water scarcity is a global issue. Municipal wastewater treatment aims to remove contaminants before releasing the effluent back into the environment. The treated effluent can be repurposed for water reuse and resource recovery initiatives. This…
Health Inequality
Health Inequality - A Comprehensive Exploration is an insightful and significant work delving into the complex realm of health disparities and their multifaceted impact on society. This book skillfully bridges the gap between theoretical…
Advances in Clinical Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolic Diseases
This reprint is a collection of peer-reviewed articles originally published in the Special Issue "Advances in Clinical Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolic Diseases" in Medicina. It explores recent developments in the diagnosis, treatment, and management…
Statistics Through an Equity Lens
This Open Educational Resource (OER) carries a significant responsibility by presenting statistics through an equity lens. The metaphor of a lens is used intentionally–as the glasses one wears can have a profound effect on what one sees. The book…
Information Gathering: Computer Security Lectures 2014/15 S2
This video is part of the computer/information/cyber security and ethical hacking lecture series; by Z. Cliffe Schreuders at Leeds Beckett University. Laboratory work sheets, slides, and other open educational resources are available at…
Advances in Scoliosis, Spinal Deformity and Other Spinal Disorders
The present Special Issue focuses on the management of spinal deformity, including contributions from international experts. Points of discussion include nonoperative management, instrumentation level determination, and complication prediction (e.g.,…
Civil Engineering and Symmetry
A topic of utmost importance in civil engineering is finding optimal solutions throughout the life cycle of buildings and infrastructural objects, including their design, manufacturing, use, and maintenance. Operational research, management science,…
Recent Topics and Innovations in Quantum Field Theory
In the mid-19th century, the scientific community was convinced that physics had been fully discovered and only isolated, peripheral issues remained unexplained. One of these was black body radiation (CDC) and the transformation of electromagnetic…
Stochastic Processes: Theory and Applications
The aim of this special issue is to publish original research papers that cover recent advances in the theory and application of stochastic processes. There is especial focus on applications of stochastic processes as models of dynamic phenomena in…
Stochastic Processes: Theory and Applications
The aim of this special issue is to publish original research papers that cover recent advances in the theory and application of stochastic processes. There is especial focus on applications of stochastic processes as models of dynamic phenomena in…
Molecular Computing and Bioinformatics
Molecular computing and bioinformatics are two important interdisciplinary sciences that study molecules and computers. Molecular computing is a branch of computing that uses DNA, biochemistry, and molecular biology hardware, instead of traditional…
Advances in Groundwater Flow and Solute Transport: Pushing the Hidden Boundary
In recent decades, the study of groundwater flow and solute transport has advanced into new territories that are beyond conventional theories, such as Darcy’s law and Fick’s law. The studied media have changed from permeable porous and fractured ones…
New Economic Statecraft
This book provides insights on the art of governing a state and managing its external relations from a wealth-power logic. It looks at ""economic statecraft"", which consists of wealth production, wealth mobilization, and wealth-power conversion by a…
Optical Coherence Tomography guided Laser-Cochleostomy
Despite the high precision of laser, it remains challenging to control the laser-bone ablation without injuring the underlying critical structures. Providing an axial resolution on micrometre scale, OCT is a promising candidate for imaging…
Climate Variability and Climate Change Impacts on Land Surface, Hydrological Processes and Water Management
During the last several decades, Earth´s climate has undergone significant changes due to anthropogenic global warming, and feedbacks to the water cycle. Therefore, persistent efforts are required to improve our understanding of hydrological…
Advanced Asphalt Materials and Paving Technologies
There has been significant research progress in the area of pavement materials and paving technologies in the past decade. This includes the use of warm mix asphalt technologies, rubber asphalt, bio asphalt, nanomaterial applications, new…
Development and Application of Nonlinear Dissipative Device in Structural Vibration Control
This book entitled Development and Application of Nonlinear Dissipative Device in Structural Vibration Control contains contributions that focus on the development and application of innovative nonlinear dissipative systems that mitigate the…
Advances in Environmental Remote Sensing
Atmospheric environmental issues are a common challenge of humankind in the 21st century, having received significant attention worldwide. Extensive and comprehensive atmospheric environment management practices have been carried out in countries…
Genetics, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Insects
This reprint, focusing on the “Genetics, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Insects,” presents a comprehensive collection of studies that delve into the intricate genetic and evolutionary dynamics of various insect species. As the field of entomology…
Dietary, Lifestyle and Children Health
Food quality, including dietary quality and diversity, is as essential to human health as air is to human life. In addition, other healthy lifestyle factors, including a healthy body mass index, regular exercise, no smoking, and sufficient sleep…
AI based Robot Safe Learning and Control
This open access book mainly focuses on the safe control of robot manipulators. The control schemes are mainly developed based on dynamic neural network, which is an important theoretical branch of deep reinforcement learning. In order to enhance the…
Extraction and Purification of Bioactive Compounds
Bioactive compounds, which are abundant in flora, fauna, and microorganisms, can potentially be used by various industries, including pharmaceuticals, functional foods, dietary supplements, and cosmetics. Their extraction and purification, however,…
Ambisonics
This open access book provides a concise explanation of the fundamentals and background of the surround sound recording and playback technology Ambisonics. It equips readers with the psychoacoustical, signal processing, acoustical, and mathematical…
Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes
Symptoms Of Type 2 Diabetes Creative Commons
https://youtu.be/d8fBlTgn1_U
This is always a surprising situation for most people around, who just go for regular
check up to the doctor and end up knowing that they are suffering from one of the…
https://youtu.be/d8fBlTgn1_U
This is always a surprising situation for most people around, who just go for regular
check up to the doctor and end up knowing that they are suffering from one of the…
Cataract Explained from A to Z
This video was created for the contest " anatomy by students, international contest"
Category 5. ENT, ophthalmology, General Practice
This video by Hershko Sarah is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 International…
Category 5. ENT, ophthalmology, General Practice
This video by Hershko Sarah is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 International…
Introduction to The Anatomy of The Heart
Introduction to the anatomy of the heart, with explanation of the pericardium, myocardium, and endocardium.
Psych9B. Psychology Fundamentals. Lecture 1:
UCI Psych 9B: Psych Fundamentals (Fall 2015)
Lec 01. Psych Fundamentals
View the complete course:
http://ocw.uci.edu/courses/psych_9bpsy_beh_11b_psychology_fundamentals.html
Instructor: Mark Steyvers, Ph.D.
License: Creative Commons CC-BY-SA
Terms…
Lec 01. Psych Fundamentals
View the complete course:
http://ocw.uci.edu/courses/psych_9bpsy_beh_11b_psychology_fundamentals.html
Instructor: Mark Steyvers, Ph.D.
License: Creative Commons CC-BY-SA
Terms…
Psych9B. Psychology Fundamentals. Lecture 2:
UCI Psych 9B: Psych Fundamentals (Fall 2015)
Lec 02. Psych Fundamentals
View the complete course:
http://ocw.uci.edu/courses/psych_9bpsy_beh_11b_psychology_fundamentals.html
Instructor: Mark Steyvers, Ph.D.
License: Creative Commons CC-BY-SA
Terms…
Lec 02. Psych Fundamentals
View the complete course:
http://ocw.uci.edu/courses/psych_9bpsy_beh_11b_psychology_fundamentals.html
Instructor: Mark Steyvers, Ph.D.
License: Creative Commons CC-BY-SA
Terms…
Ketogenesis, Diabetes, and Starvation
MIT 5.07SC Biological Chemistry, Fall 2013
View the complete course: http://ocw.mit.edu/5-07SCF13
Instructor: John Essigmann
In this video, Professor Essigmann explores ketone bodies – what they are, how they are made, and how they are used in…
View the complete course: http://ocw.mit.edu/5-07SCF13
Instructor: John Essigmann
In this video, Professor Essigmann explores ketone bodies – what they are, how they are made, and how they are used in…
Diabetes in Pregnancy
Visit us (http://www.khanacademy.org/science/healthcare-and-medicine) for health and medicine content or (http://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat) for MCAT related content. These videos do not provide medical advice and are for informational…
Functions and Relations
Part of the NCSSM Online AP Calculus Collection: This video deals with transformations of functions including parent functions and the library of functions and relations. http://www.dlt.ncssm.edu
Please attribute this work as being created by the…
Please attribute this work as being created by the…
Architectural Origami
MIT 6.849 Geometric Folding Algorithms: Linkages, Origami, Polyhedra, Fall 2012
View the complete course: http://ocw.mit.edu/6-849F12
Input by : Dian Islamiati
Instructor: Erik Demaine
This class begins with a folding exercise and…
View the complete course: http://ocw.mit.edu/6-849F12
Input by : Dian Islamiati
Instructor: Erik Demaine
This class begins with a folding exercise and…
What is DNA
DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid) is extremely important. All living things have DNA, or in the case of some viruses they have RNA instead.
In eukaryotes, it is found within the nucleus and is arranged into chromosomes.
DNA determines the…
In eukaryotes, it is found within the nucleus and is arranged into chromosomes.
DNA determines the…
The Forces on an Aeroplane
The video is a contextualized and translated version (suitable for Indian audiences) of the original MITK12 video (linked below). The original license allows the use of this video under CC-BY-NC-SA domain of creative commons community.
LIL…
LIL…
A Brief Introduction to Minerals.
What is a mineral?
Input by : Dian Islamiati
Input by : Dian Islamiati
Density of Different States
In this video we are going to look at what density is, how it is measured and the differences in density between the different states of matter. Informally, density is a measure of how ‘packed’ a material is with mass. Density is defined as the mass…
How Not to Die from Heart Disease
Lifestyle approaches aren’t just safer and cheaper. They can work better, because you’re treating the actual cause of the disease.
Input by Sofia Nelly
Subscribe to Dr. Greger’s free nutrition newsletter at…
Input by Sofia Nelly
Subscribe to Dr. Greger’s free nutrition newsletter at…
Plate Tectonics
Summary – the theory of plate tectonics had enabled us to explain the origin of earthquakes, volcanoes, mountain building and has told us the fascinating history of the earth. To find out the evidence for all this watch “Wegener and the proof of…
Hypotension
Hypotension is low blood pressure, especially in the arteries of the systemic circulation. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps out blood. Hypotension is generally considered if systolic…
Pure Mathematics
What is PURE MATHEMATICS? What does PURE MATHEMATICS mean? PURE MATHEMATICS meaning - PURE MATHEMATICS definition - PURE MATHEMATICS explanation.
Source: Wikipedia.org article, adapted under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/…
Source: Wikipedia.org article, adapted under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/…
Identifying Minerals
An overview of the tests that can help you to identify a mineral sample
Input by : Elvira Nadya Saleh
Input by : Elvira Nadya Saleh
Philosophy of Biology
The philosophy of biology is a subfield of philosophy of science, which deals with epistemological, metaphysical, and ethical issues in the biological and biomedical sciences. Although philosophers of science and philosophers generally have long been…
Metamorphosis
Metamorphosis is a biological process by which an animal physically develops after birth or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's body structure through cell growth and differentiation. Some insects, fishes,…
Creative Accounting
Creative accounting is a euphemism referring to accounting practices that may follow the letter of the rules of standard accounting practices, but deviate from the spirit of those rules. They are characterized by excessive complication and the use of…
Gamete
A gamete (from Ancient Greek ??µ??? gamete from gamein "to marry") is a cell that fuses with another cell during fertilization (conception) in organisms that sexually reproduce. In species that produce two morphologically distinct types of gametes,…
Exact Trig Values - Hand Trick
There are some key angles that have exact values in trigonometry. The ones we need to know are 0, 30, 45, 60 and 90.
In this video we will discover one method of remember what these values are - by counting fingers on our hand!
In the first…
In this video we will discover one method of remember what these values are - by counting fingers on our hand!
In the first…
Spore
In biology, a spore is a unit of asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavorable conditions. By contrast, gametes are units of sexual reproduction. Spores form part of the…
Radiation Rays: Alpha, Beta and Gamma
Simulations provided free under a Department of Labor grant awarded Eastern Iowa Community Colleges. To learn more visit http://www.eicc.edu.
Input by : Dian Islamiati
Input by : Dian Islamiati
Chemistry Adventure
How do simple things like yeast, soap, and hydrogen peroxide come together to create a foam-splosion reaction? Tweak the ingredients to find out in this choose-your-own-adventure video series!
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Find us online!
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Find us online!
Facebook:…
DNA Replication
In molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule. This process occurs in all living organisms and is the basis for biological inheritance. DNA is made up of a…
Cancer System Biology
Cancer systems biology encompasses the application of systems biology approaches to cancer research, in order to study the disease as a complex adaptive system with emerging properties at multiple biological scales. More explicitly, because cancer…
12 All Natural Toothache
In the past, before modern dentistry, people use to treat a tooth pain naturally because they had no other option.
Nowadays, modern medicine has its own solutions, but there still several natural toothache remedies that people use just to avoid the…
Nowadays, modern medicine has its own solutions, but there still several natural toothache remedies that people use just to avoid the…
The Meaning of Clinical Death
Clinical death is the medical term for cessation of blood circulation and breathing, the two necessary criteria to sustain human and many other organisms' lives. It occurs when the heart stops beating in a regular rhythm, a condition called cardiac…
Atomic Physics
Atomic physics is the field of physics that studies atoms as an isolated system of electrons and an atomic nucleus. It is primarily concerned with the arrangement of electrons around the nucleus and the processes by which these arrangements change.…
The Normal Electrocardiogram
A lecture on electrocardiograms by Dr. Kim Eagle, M.D. This lecture was taught as a part of the University of Michigan Medical School's M2 - Cardiovascular Sequence.
View the course…
View the course…
Chronic Coronary Artery Disease
A lecture on chronic coronary artery disease by Dr. Kim Eagle, M.D. This lecture was taught as a part of the University of Michigan Medical School's M2 - Cardiovascular Sequence
View the course…
View the course…
Acute Coronary Syndromes
A lecture on acute coronary syndromes by Dr. Kim Eagle, M.D. This lecture was taught as a part of the University of Michigan Medical School's M2 - Cardiovascular Sequence
View the course…
View the course…
The Evaluation of Chest Pain
A lecture on evaluating a patient with chest pain by Dr. Kim Eagle, M.D. This lecture was taught as a part of the University of Michigan Medical School's M2 - Cardiovascular Sequence
View the course…
View the course…
Removal of Carious Lesion
Includes a display of instruments necessary for caries removal, a discussion of the steps and criteria involved and demonstration of a complete removal of a carious lesion. Orig. air date: JAN 8 74
This is part of the Open.Michigan collection at:…
This is part of the Open.Michigan collection at:…
Local Anesthetic Injection Techniques
Demonstrates on the skull and on a patient, various injection techniques. It also describes the basic dental chair position for injections. Orig. air date: NOV 8 74
This is part of the Open.Michigan collection at:
http://open.umich.edu/education
This is part of the Open.Michigan collection at:
http://open.umich.edu/education
Scaling and Root Planing: Part II Mandibular Teeth
Procedures for scaling and root planing the mandibular teeth.
This is part of the Open.Michigan collection at:
http://open.umich.edu/education
This is part of the Open.Michigan collection at:
http://open.umich.edu/education
Interproximal Radiography
This is part of the Open.Michigan collection at:
http://open.umich.edu/education
http://open.umich.edu/education
Geotechnical Engineering
After viewing previous lectures on seismicity you have basic understanding of earthquakes. Let’s have a further look at what this means for buildings and its foundations. This introduction lecture on geotechnical engineering by Carlos Merino…
Present Perfect Tense
ESL students learn to use Present Perfect Tense in this great video. ESLgold.com is the world's largest collection of ESL learning resources including, games, videos, lessons, worksheets and quizzes. Visit us today at www.ESLgold.com.
Introduction to Sociology - The Sociological Imagination - Part 1
The Sociological Imagination: Who We Are and How We Got Here - Part 1--This course provides a sampling of problems and methods used by sociologists, with
concrete examples from everyday life, history, and contemporary events.
concrete examples from everyday life, history, and contemporary events.
Nietzsche on Power, Knowledge and Morality
Foundations of Modern Social Thought (SOCY 151)
Today we take a bridge into the twentieth century, constructed by Nietzsche, Freud, and Weber's critical theory. Each author is different in important ways, but they also agree on two crucial…
Today we take a bridge into the twentieth century, constructed by Nietzsche, Freud, and Weber's critical theory. Each author is different in important ways, but they also agree on two crucial…
Hemoglobinopathies Part 1
A lecture on Hemoglobinopathies by Dr. David Ginsburg, M.D. This lecture was taught as a part of the University of Michigan Medical School's M1 - Patients and Populations Sequence. View the course…
Hemoglobinopathies Part 2
A lecture on Hemoglobinopathies by Dr. David Ginsburg, M.D. This lecture was taught as a part of the University of Michigan Medical School's M1 - Patients and Populations Sequence. View the course…
Surgical Excision of a Multi-Lobular, Recurrent, Bartholin Duct Cyst
Warning: Viewer discretion is advised, this medical content is graphic and may not be suitable for all viewers. This surgical video describes the etiology, diagnosis, and management of uncomplicated Bartholin duct cysts. The video provides specific…
Circulatory Derangements I
A lecture on Circulatory Derangements by Dr. Gerald Abrams, M.D. This lecture was taught as a part of the University of Michigan Medical School's M1 - Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sequence.
View the course…
View the course…
Circulatory Derangements II
A lecture on Circulatory Derangements by Dr. Gerald Abrams, M.D. This lecture was taught as a part of the University of Michigan Medical School's M1 - Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sequence.
View the course…
View the course…
Endocrine System and Influence on Behavior - Part 1
Created by Ryan Scott Patton.
Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/behavior/biological-basis-of-behavior-ner/v/endocrine-system-and-influence-on-behavior-part-2?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=mcat
Missed…
Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/behavior/biological-basis-of-behavior-ner/v/endocrine-system-and-influence-on-behavior-part-2?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=mcat
Missed…
Endocrine System and Influence on Behavior Part 2
Created by Ryan Scott Patton.
Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/behavior/human-development/v/egg-sperm-and-fertilization?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=mcat
Missed the previous lesson?…
Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/behavior/human-development/v/egg-sperm-and-fertilization?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=mcat
Missed the previous lesson?…
Estrogen
Created by Vishal Punwani.
Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/nclex-rn/rn-reproductive-system-physiology/rn-reproductive-system/v/maternal-changes-in-pregnancy?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=Nclex-rn
Missed…
Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/nclex-rn/rn-reproductive-system-physiology/rn-reproductive-system/v/maternal-changes-in-pregnancy?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=Nclex-rn
Missed…
Testosterone
Created by Vishal Punwani.
Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/nclex-rn/rn-reproductive-system-physiology/rn-reproductive-system/v/basics-of-egg-development?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=Nclex-rn
Missed the…
Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/nclex-rn/rn-reproductive-system-physiology/rn-reproductive-system/v/basics-of-egg-development?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=Nclex-rn
Missed the…
The Ovarian Cycle
Created by Vishal Punwani.
Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/nclex-rn/rn-reproductive-system-physiology/rn-reproductive-system/v/meet-the-placenta?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=Nclex-rn
Missed the…
Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/nclex-rn/rn-reproductive-system-physiology/rn-reproductive-system/v/meet-the-placenta?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=Nclex-rn
Missed the…
Reproductive system physiology
Created by Vishal Punwani.
Watch the next lesson:…
Watch the next lesson:…
Support Vector Machines
Support Vector Machines - One of the most successful learning algorithms; getting a complex model at the price of a simple one. Lecture 14 of 18 of Caltech's Machine Learning Course - CS 156 by Professor Yaser Abu-Mostafa. View course materials in…
How to Remove Surgical Staples :)
www.EmpoweRN.com
Hi Guys!
Thank you so much for watching this channel :)
Here is just a quick & simple nursing skill, that I really hope you enjoy!
I appreciate all of your comments, likes & shares so much!!
Really looking forward to growing…
Hi Guys!
Thank you so much for watching this channel :)
Here is just a quick & simple nursing skill, that I really hope you enjoy!
I appreciate all of your comments, likes & shares so much!!
Really looking forward to growing…
G Protein Coupled Receptors Nervous system physiology
Video ini menjelaskan tentang G-protein coupled receptor (reseptor G-protein bergandengan) yang juga biasa dikenal dengan GPCRs.
G-protein coupled receptors hanya bisa ditemukan pada eukariot dan GPCRs adalah kelas yang terbesar dari semua reseptor…
G-protein coupled receptors hanya bisa ditemukan pada eukariot dan GPCRs adalah kelas yang terbesar dari semua reseptor…
Pain Temperature
Pain Temperature
BY : UPT Perpustakaan Universitas Syiah Kuala
UKM Literasi Unsyiah
BY : UPT Perpustakaan Universitas Syiah Kuala
UKM Literasi Unsyiah
Media Innovation and Entrepreneurship
This is the first edition of a modular open textbook designed for entrepreneurial journalism, media innovation, and related courses. This book has been undergoing student and faculty testing and open review in fall 2017. Feedback has been implemented…
Human Biology
Montage edited from the lecture slides of the Human Biology Core Faculty, including Professors Bill Durham, Richard Klein, Katherine Preston, William Talbot, Bill Scheidel, Margaret Fuller, Anne Fernald, David Lyons, Roland Nusse, Laura Carstensen,…
Alkanes and Alkenes
Learn the basics of alkanes and alkenes. After watching the covalent bonds video you should have sufficient knowledge to understand about how alkanes and alkenes are formed and the differences between them. SUBSCRIBE to our channel to access many…
Calculus - Derivative of an Inverse Function
Calculus lecture explaining the derivative of an inverse function.
Gives a graphical explanation of how the derivative of an inverse function is related to the reciprocal of the derivative of the original function.
Uses the example y = x^2 + 1…
Gives a graphical explanation of how the derivative of an inverse function is related to the reciprocal of the derivative of the original function.
Uses the example y = x^2 + 1…
Clinical Pharmacy
What is Clinical Pharmacy
Source: Wikipedia.org article, adapted under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ license.
Clinical pharmacy is the branch of pharmacy in which pharmacists provide patient care that optimizes the use of…
Source: Wikipedia.org article, adapted under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ license.
Clinical pharmacy is the branch of pharmacy in which pharmacists provide patient care that optimizes the use of…
Calculus using Matlab - Laplace Transform
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Computational Biology
What is Computational Biology
Source: Wikipedia.org article, adapted under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ license.
Computational biology involves the development and application of data-analytical and theoretical methods,…
Source: Wikipedia.org article, adapted under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ license.
Computational biology involves the development and application of data-analytical and theoretical methods,…
Monoclonal Antibody Production
This is a brief overview of the production of monoclonal antibodies (mAb), also known as hybridoma technology. Design inspired by Salman Khan. Special thanks to Professor DeMasi @ MCPHS University.
Davidson College's website on…
Davidson College's website on…
Probability and Statistics
We discuss probability and do some basic examples to refresh our memory on practice problems involving probability. Next video we focus on expectation values/ mean and the second moment of distribution.
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
A description of the concepts behind Analysis of Variance. Also, see this site: http://www.psych.utah.edu/stat/introstats/anovaflash.html for a "hands-on" experience.
Thermodynamics : Energy, Entropy, and The Fundamental Laws of Physics.
Easy to understand animation explaining energy, entropy, and all the basic concepts including refrigeration, heat engines, and the end of all life in the Universe.
Anatomy and Physiology of Animals
fter completing this section, you should know the:
• symbols used to represent atoms;
• names of molecules commonly found in animal cells;
• characteristics of ions and electrolytes;
• basic structure of carbohydrates with examples;
•…
• symbols used to represent atoms;
• names of molecules commonly found in animal cells;
• characteristics of ions and electrolytes;
• basic structure of carbohydrates with examples;
•…
Business Law and The Legal Environment
After reading this chapter, you should be able to do the following:
1. Distinguish different philosophies of law—schools of legal thought—and explain their
relevance.
2. Identify the various aims that a functioning legal system can serve.
3.…
1. Distinguish different philosophies of law—schools of legal thought—and explain their
relevance.
2. Identify the various aims that a functioning legal system can serve.
3.…
General Chemistry Principles, Patterns, and
Applications
In this new millenium, as the world faces new and extreme challenges, the importance of acquiring a solid foundation in chemical principles has become increasingly important to understand the challenges that lie ahead. Moreover, as the world becomes…
Business English for Success
Business English for Success is a creative solution to a common challenge across Business Communication courses: Business English or Business Presentations? Some classes place an equal emphasis on oral and written communication, and if that is the…
Government Regulation and the Legal Environment of Business
Our goal is to provide students with a textbook that is up to date and comprehensive in its coverage
of legal and regulatory issues—and organized to permit instructors to tailor the materials to their
particular approach. This book engages students…
of legal and regulatory issues—and organized to permit instructors to tailor the materials to their
particular approach. This book engages students…
The Legal and Ethical Environment of Business
After reading this chapter, you should be able to understand the nature and sources of law, and the
concept of the rule of law and how it affects business and economic prosperity. At the conclusion of this
chapter, you should be able to answer…
concept of the rule of law and how it affects business and economic prosperity. At the conclusion of this
chapter, you should be able to answer…
Money and Banking
This book is designed to help you internalize the basics of money and banking. There is a little math,
some graphs, and some sophisticated vocabulary, but nothing terribly difficult, if you put your brain
to it. The text’s most important goal is to…
some graphs, and some sophisticated vocabulary, but nothing terribly difficult, if you put your brain
to it. The text’s most important goal is to…
Personal Finance
This text has an attitude: that in addition to providing sources of practical information,
it should introduce you to a way of thinking about your personal financial decisions.
This should lead you to thinking harder and farther about the larger…
it should introduce you to a way of thinking about your personal financial decisions.
This should lead you to thinking harder and farther about the larger…
International Finance :
Theory and Policy
Preface Traditionally, intermediate-level international economics texts seem to fall into one of two categories. Some are written for students who may one day continue on in an economics PhD program. These texts develop advanced
general…
general…
Human Relations
Knowing how to get along with others, resolve workplace conflict, manage relationships, communicate well, and make good decisions are all critical emotional intelligence skills students need to succeed in career and in life. Our Human Relations book…
The Sustainable Business Case Book
The Sustainable Business Case Book provides readers with a broad overview of the core concepts of sustainability and sustainable business practice. It is intended for use in undergraduate business courses and will also be of interest to students in…
Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming
A retrospective is a standard agile meeting practice designed for agile software teams to reflect and tune their process. Despite its integral importance, we know little about what aspects are focused upon during retrospectives and how reflection…
Thinking Beyond Sectors for Sustainable Development
As we move from the era of the Millennium Development Goals to the Sustainable Development Goals it is important to consider how development agendas
are set, the progress that has been made over the past
15 years, and how current debates are…
are set, the progress that has been made over the past
15 years, and how current debates are…
The Global Encyclopaedia of Informality Volume I
This book invites you on a voyage of discovery, to explore society’s open secrets, to comprehend unwritten rules and to uncover informal practices. Broadly defined as ‘ways
of getting things done’, these informal yet powerful
practices tend to…
of getting things done’, these informal yet powerful
practices tend to…
The Global Encyclopaedia of Informality Volume II
This book invites you on a voyage of discovery, to explore society’s open secrets, to comprehend unwritten rules and to uncover informal practices. Broadly defined as ‘ways
of getting things done’, these informal yet powerful
practices tend to…
of getting things done’, these informal yet powerful
practices tend to…
The GEO Handbook on Biodiversity Observation Networks
This book is based on the collective knowledge of the GEO BON network of volunteers, working towards the establishment of a global, sustainable observation
system for monitoring changes in biodiversity. As such, a great number of colleagues have…
system for monitoring changes in biodiversity. As such, a great number of colleagues have…
The Economics of Quarantine and the SPS Agreement
This collection resulted from an international workshop funded and organised by Biosecurity Australia, the agency of government responsible for analysing Australia's quarantine import risks and for negotiating multilateral SPS rules and less…
Self-Assembled Molecules – New Kind of Protein Ligands
The standard substrate complexation mechanism engages natural binding sites. In contrast, supramolecular structures may form complexes with proteins by
penetrating in regions which are either naturally unstable or become temporarily accessible due…
penetrating in regions which are either naturally unstable or become temporarily accessible due…
Satellite Earth Observations and Their Impact on Society and Policy
An International Advisory Board recently met in Tokyo with the overarching goal of assessing the impact of satellite earth observation on society and policy. A
series of roundtable discussions invited perspectives from experts to understand how…
series of roundtable discussions invited perspectives from experts to understand how…
Agricultural Implications of the Fukushima Nuclear Accident
This book reports the results from on-site research into radioactive cesium contamination in various agricultural systems affected by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident that occurred in March 2011. This is the second volume from the…
Aquaculture Perspective of Multi-Use Sites in the Open Ocean: The Untapped Potential for Marine Resources in the Anthropocene
The first-of-its-kind compilation that comprehensively explores the scientific, engineering, economic and policy aspects of marine aquaculture multi-use of offshore platforms
A timely analysis of the rapid development of offshore energy production…
A timely analysis of the rapid development of offshore energy production…
Beyond Waters: Archaeology and Environmental History of the Amazonian Inland
This book is one of the outcomes of the project Cultivated Wilderness: Socio-economic development and environmental change in pre-Columbian Amazonia (http://www.cultivated-wilderness.org/). The project has particularly focused on the previously…
Care in Healthcare: Reflections on Theory and Practice
This book examines the concept of care and care practices in healthcare from the interdisciplinary perspectives of continental philosophy, care ethics, the social sciences, and anthropology. Areas addressed include dementia care, midwifery, diabetes…
Climate Smart Agriculture: Building Resilience to Climate Change
The book uses an economic lens to identify the main features of climate-smart agriculture (CSA), its likely impact, and the challenges associated with its implementation. Drawing upon theory and concepts from agricultural development, institutional,…
Coastal Lagoons in Europe: Integrated Water Resource Strategies
Lagoons represent nearly 13% of the shoreline globally and around 5% in Europe. Coastal lagoons are shallow water bodies separated from the ocean by a barrier (e.g., narrow spit), connected at least intermittently to the ocean by one or more…
Contemporary Issues in Human Rights Law
This book analyzes issues in human rights law from a variety of perspectives by eminent European and Asian professors of constitutional law, international public law, and European Union law.
As a result, their contributions collected here…
As a result, their contributions collected here…
Criminal Law
Criminal Law begins with the foundations of law and the legal system and then extensively explores criminal laws and defenses using general state principles, federal law, the Constitution, and the Model Penal Code as guidelines.
Although it is…
Although it is…
Diversity and Evolution of Butterfly Wing Patterns
This book facilitates an integrative understanding of the development, genetics and evolution of butterfly wing patterns. To develop a deep and realistic understanding of the diversity and evolution of butterfly wing patterns, it is essential and…
Earth Observation Open Science and Innovation
Over the past decades, rapid developments in digital and sensing technologies, such as the Cloud, Web and Internet of Things, have dramatically changed the way we live and work. The digital transformation is revolutionizing our ability to…
Earthquakes, Tsunamis and Nuclear Risks
This book covers seismic probabilistic risk assessment (S-PRA) and related studies which have become more important to increase the safety of nuclear facilities against earthquakes and tsunamis in the face of the many uncertainties after the…
Ethics and Civil Drones
This open access book disseminates some of the results of the European H2020 AiRT Project (Technology transfer of RPAs for the creative industry). In particular, it presents findings related to mitigating safety and security concerns when civil…
Evaluating Climate Change Action for Sustainable Development
This authoritative book presents the ever progressing state of the art in evaluating climate change strategies and action. It builds upon a selection of relevant and practical papers and presentations given at the 2nd International Conference on…
Faecal Sludge Management Systems Approach for Implementation and Operation
Over a billion people in urban and peri-urban areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America are served by onsite sanitation technologies. Until now, the management of faecal sludge resulting from these onsite technologies has been grossly neglected.…
Field Trials of Health Interventions: A Toolbox
Abstract
Before new interventions are released into disease control programmes, it is essential that they are carefully evaluated in `field trials'. These may be complex and expensive undertakings, requiring the follow-up of hundreds, or…
Before new interventions are released into disease control programmes, it is essential that they are carefully evaluated in `field trials'. These may be complex and expensive undertakings, requiring the follow-up of hundreds, or…
Food Price Policy in an Era of Market Instability: A Political Economy Analysis
Food price volatility is one of the major challenges facing current and future global food systems. Since 2006, global food prices have fluctuated greatly around an increasing trend and price spikes were observed for key food commodities such as…
Freshwater Microplastics
This volume focuses on microscopic plastic debris, also referred to as microplastics, which have been detected in aquatic environments around the globe and have accordingly raised serious concerns. The book explores whether microplastics represent…
Interface Oral Health Science 2016: Innovative Research on Biosis–Abiosis Intelligent Interface
This volume broadens understanding of dentistry and promotes interdisciplinary research across a wide range of related fields, based on the symposium entitled "Innovative Research for Biosis–Abiosis Intelligent Interface 2016". It aims to create…
International Business
Introduces you to the study of international business. After reading a short case study on
Google Inc., the Internet search-engine company, you’ll begin to learn what makes international business such an essential subject for students around the…
Google Inc., the Internet search-engine company, you’ll begin to learn what makes international business such an essential subject for students around the…
Knowledge and Networks
This book discusses a core question in many fields of the social sciences, namely how to create, share and adopt new knowledge. It creates an original space for conversation between two lines of research that have developed largely in parallel for a…
Mapping and the Citizen Sensor
Maps are a fundamental resource in a diverse array of applications ranging from everyday activities, such as route planning through the legal demarcation of space to scientific studies, such as those seeking to understand biodiversity and inform the…
Methods in World History A Critical Approach
Methods in World History is the first international volume that systematically addresses a number of methodological problems specific to the field of World History. Prompted by a lack of applicable works, the authors advocate a considerable…
Principles and Practice of Case-based Clinical Reasoning Education A Method for Preclinical Students
This volume describes and explains the educational method of Case-Based Clinical Reasoning (CBCR) used successfully in medical schools to prepare students to think like doctors before they enter the clinical arena and become engaged in patient care.…
Principles of Microeconomics
Principles of Microeconomics has been developed to meet the scope and sequence of most introductory microeconomics courses. At the same time, the book includes a number of innovative features designed to enhance student learning. Instructors can also…
Prison, Architecture and Humans
What is prison architecture and how can it be studied? How are concepts such as humanism, dignity and solidarity translated into prison architecture? What kind of ideologies and ideas are expressed in various prison buildings from different eras and…
Public Health Ethics: Cases Spanning the Globe
This Open Access book highlights the ethical issues and dilemmas that arise in the practice of public health. It is also a tool to support instruction, debate, and dialogue regarding public health ethics. Although the practice of public health has…
Religious Architecture: Anthropological Perspectives
Borrowing from a range of theories on spacemaking and material religion, and with contributions from anthropologists working in the United Kingdom, Mali, Brazil, Spain, and Italy, this fascinating and comprehensive study develops an anthropological…
Rivers of the Anthropocene
This exciting volume presents the work and research of the Rivers of the Anthropocene Network, an international collaborative group of scientists, social scientists, humanists, artists, policymakers, and community organizers working to produce…
Sago Palm: Multiple Contributions to Food Security and Sustainable Livelihoods
This book addresses a wide variety of events and technologies concerning the sago palm, ranging from its botanical characteristics, culture and use to social conditions in the places where it is grown, in order to provide a record of research…
Communicative Figurations: Transforming Communications in Times of Deep Mediatization
This open access volume is about how to research the influence of our changing media environment. Today, there is not one single medium that is the driving force of change. With the spreading of various technical communication media such as mobile…
Fosforilasi Oksidatif dan Chemiosmosis
Open Educational Resource (OER) Unsyiah adalah satu satu Portal yang dikembangkan oleh Perpustakaan Universitas Syiah Kuala. OER Unsyiah berbasis Open Acces untuk siapa saja dan di mana saja. Bahkan Kami juga akan menerima kontribusi yang ingin ikut…
pH Scala
Open Educational Resource (OER) Unsyiah adalah satu satu Portal yang dikembangkan oleh Perpustakaan Universitas Syiah Kuala. OER Unsyiah berbasis Open Acces untuk siapa saja dan di mana saja. Bahkan Kami juga akan menerima kontribusi yang ingin ikut…
Eutrofikasi
Open Educational Resource (OER) Unsyiah adalah satu satu Portal yang dikembangkan oleh Perpustakaan Universitas Syiah Kuala. OER Unsyiah berbasis Open Acces untuk siapa saja dan di mana saja. Bahkan Kami juga akan menerima kontribusi yang ingin ikut…
Organic Chemistry
Organic chemistry is primarily devoted to the unique properties of the carbon atom and its compounds. These compounds play a critical role in biology and ecology, Earth sciences and geology, physics, industry, medicine and — of course — chemistry. At…
Handbook of eHealth Evaluation An Evidence based Approach
This handbook presents the science and practice of eHealth evaluation based on empirical evidence gathered over many years within the health informatics discipline. The handbook describes different approaches used to evaluate the planning, design,…
Steps to Success: Crossing the Bridge Between Literacy Research and Practice
Steps to Success: Crossing the Bridge Between Literacy Research and Practice introduces instructional strategies linked to the most current research-supported practices in the field of literacy. The book includes chapters related to…
UGA Anatomy and Physiology 2 Lab Manual
The manual contains the following labs:
Blood Composition
Blood Typing
Heart Anatomy
Cardiovascular Physiology
Systemic Blood Vessels
Anatomy of the Respiratory System
Physiology of the Respiratory System
…
Blood Composition
Blood Typing
Heart Anatomy
Cardiovascular Physiology
Systemic Blood Vessels
Anatomy of the Respiratory System
Physiology of the Respiratory System
…
Genetics and Genomics
The book contains the substance of the lectures and partly of the practices of the subject of ‘Genetics and Genomics’ held in Semmelweis University for medical, pharmacological and dental students. The book does not contain basic genetics and…
ePortfolio Performance Support Systems Constructing, Presenting, and Assessing Portfolios
ePortfolio Performance Support Systems: Constructing, Presenting, and Assessing Portfolios addresses theories and practices advanced by some of the most innovative and active proponents of ePortfolios. Editors Katherine V. Wills and Rich Rice…
WAC Partnerships Between Secondary and Postsecondary Institutions
Working with educators at all academic levels involved in WAC partnerships, the authors and editors of this collection demonstrate successful models of collaboration between schools and institutions so others can emulate and promote this type of…
WAC and Second-Language Writers: Research Towards Linguistically and Culturally Inclusive Programs and Practices
In WAC and Second-Language Writers, the editors and contributors pursue the ambitious goal of including within WAC theory, research, and practice the differing perspectives, educational experiences, and voices of second-language writers. The chapters…
Public Health Ethics: Global Cases, Practice, and Context
Introducing public health ethics poses two special challenges. First, it is a relatively new field that combines public health and practical ethics. Its unfamiliarity requires considerable explanation, yet its scope and emergent qualities make…
Writing as Material Practice: Substance, surface and medium
Writing as Material Practice grapples with the issue of writing as a form of material culture in its ancient and more recent manifestations, and in the contexts of production and consumption. Fifteen case studies explore the artefactual nature of…
Theatrical Worlds
From the University of Florida College of Fine Arts, Charlie Mitchell and distinguished colleagues from across America present an introductory text for theatre and theoretical production. This book seeks to give insight into the people and processes…
Accountancy
Accounting is the process by which financial information about a business is recorded,
classified, summarized, interpreted, and communicated. Accounting is the language of business.
classified, summarized, interpreted, and communicated. Accounting is the language of business.
Entrepreneurship Education and Training
Entrepreneurship has a tremendous impact on the economic development of a
country, so much that entrepreneurship is seen as a solution for the fast changing
economic demands worldwide and has been recognized as a path to sustainable
economic…
country, so much that entrepreneurship is seen as a solution for the fast changing
economic demands worldwide and has been recognized as a path to sustainable
economic…
Fundamentals of Global Strategy A Business Model Approach
This book looks at the opportunities and risks associated with staking out a global
competitive presence and introduces the fundamentals of global strategic thinking.
We define crafting a global strategy in terms of change—how a company…
competitive presence and introduces the fundamentals of global strategic thinking.
We define crafting a global strategy in terms of change—how a company…
Global Business Strategy: A Systems Approach
The greatest dilemma facing the author of a textbook on international business
strategy is estimating readers' knowledge of the domain. Should the author assume
that the student already comprehends such subjects as international…
strategy is estimating readers' knowledge of the domain. Should the author assume
that the student already comprehends such subjects as international…
Methodologies, Tools and New Developments for E-Learning
With the resources provided by communication technologies, E-learning has been employed in multiple universities, as well as in wide range of training centers and schools. This book presents a structured collection of chapters, dealing with…
Respiratory System
The job of the respiratory system is to take oxygen from the air we breathe and get it to different parts of the body. Our bodies and the cells in them need oxygen (written with the chemical symbol O2) to live. Our cells give off carbon dioxide…
Circulatory System
The circulatory system includes the heart, blood, and a huge network of blood vessels that carry blood all over the body. The job of the circulatory system is to deliver oxygen to cells all over the body and then to carry out waste product like…
Digestive System
Our bodies need food to live and grow. The digestive system takes food and carries it to all the parts of the body.
The beginning of the digestive system is the mouth and teeth. Food that we eat has to be broken down into nutrients that cells in…
The beginning of the digestive system is the mouth and teeth. Food that we eat has to be broken down into nutrients that cells in…
Excretory System
After food goes through the digestive system, the parts that are not digested need to be gotten rid of. That is the job of the excretory system.
Unabsorbed food goes to the large intestine. The liver also filters out solid particles of waste from…
Unabsorbed food goes to the large intestine. The liver also filters out solid particles of waste from…
The Human Skeleton
The human skeleton provides shape and form to the human body
Our vital organs in our body are protected by our skeleton. More specifically our brain which is protected by what is called the skull and our heart and lungs are protected by our rib…
Our vital organs in our body are protected by our skeleton. More specifically our brain which is protected by what is called the skull and our heart and lungs are protected by our rib…
Cardio
Cardio Exercises Below
1) Jog. You can do this outside on a treadmill or however you like.
2) Jump Rope routine 1
3) 10 Minute Jump Rope routine
4) Exercise Bikes
5) Sports Playing
1) Jog. You can do this outside on a treadmill or however you like.
2) Jump Rope routine 1
3) 10 Minute Jump Rope routine
4) Exercise Bikes
5) Sports Playing
Chambers and Circulation through the Heart
Dual System of the Human Blood Circulation. Blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle, where it is pumped into the pulmonary circuit. The blood in the pulmonary artery branches is low in oxygen but relatively high in carbon dioxide.…
Shoulder Joint
The shoulder joint is called the glenohumeral joint. This is a ball-and-socket joint formed by the articulation between the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula ([link]). This joint has the largest range of motion of any joint in…
Levels of Structural Organization of the Human Body
Before you begin to study the different structures and functions of the human body, it is helpful to consider its basic architecture; that is, how its smallest parts are assembled into larger structures. It is convenient to consider the structures of…
Positive Feedback Loop
Normal childbirth is driven by a positive feedback loop. A positive feedback loop results in a change in the body’s status, rather than a return to homeostasis.
Dorsal and Ventral Body Cavities
The posterior (dorsal) and anterior (ventral) cavities are each subdivided into smaller cavities. In the posterior (dorsal) cavity, the cranial cavity houses the brain, and the spinal cavity (or vertebral cavity) encloses the spinal cord. Just as the…
Regions and Quadrants of the Peritoneal Cavity
The more detailed regional approach subdivides the cavity with one horizontal line immediately inferior to the ribs and one immediately superior to the pelvis, and two vertical lines drawn as if dropped from the midpoint of each clavicle…
Serous Membrane
A serous membrane (also referred to a serosa) is one of the thin membranes that cover the walls and organs in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. The parietal layers of the membranes line the walls of the body cavity (pariet- refers to a cavity…
Choosing & Using Sources: A Guide to Academic Research
Choosing & Using Sources presents a process for academic research and writing, from formulating your research question to selecting good information and using it effectively in your research assignments. Additional chapters cover understanding types…
Applied Finite Mathematics
Applied Finite Mathematics covers topics including linear equations, matrices, linear programming, the mathematics of finance, sets and counting, probability, Markov chains, and game theory.
Financial Accounting
This book is intended for an undergraduate or MBA level Financial Accounting course. It covers the standard topics in a standard sequence, utilizing the Socratic method of asking and answering questions.
Foundational Practices of Online Writing Instruction
Foundational Practices of Online Writing Instruction, edited by Beth L. Hewett and Kevin Eric DePew, with associate editors Elif Guler and Robbin Zeff Warner, addresses the questions and decisions that administrators and instructors most need to…
Genre in a Changing World
Genre studies and genre approaches to literacy instruction continue to develop in many regions and from a widening variety of approaches. Genre has provided a key to understanding the varying literacy cultures of regions, disciplines, professions and…
Perspectives: An Open Invitation to Cultural Anthropology
We are delighted to bring to you this novel textbook, a collection of chapters on the essential topics in cultural anthropology. Different from other introductory textbooks, this book is an edited volume with each chapter written by a different…
Writing Spaces Web Writing Style Guide
The Writing Spaces Web Writing Style Guide was created as a crowdsourcing project of Collaborvention 2011: A Computers and Writing Unconference. College writing teachers from around the web joined together to create this guide (see our Contributors…
Writing for Success
Writing for Success is a text that provides instruction in steps, builds writing, reading, and critical thinking, and combines comprehensive grammar review with an introduction to paragraph writing and composition.
Beginning with the sentence and…
Beginning with the sentence and…
Stand up, Speak out: The Practice and Ethics of Public Speaking
Stand up, Speak out: The Practice and Ethics of Public Speaking features two key themes. First it focuses on helping students become more seasoned and polished public speakers, and second is its emphasis on ethics in communication. It is this…
Project Management from Simple to Complex
In a world that is becoming more virtual, more global, and more complex, the project manager’s ability to function in this environment becomes critical to the success of the project. Project Management from Simple to Complex explores project…
Social Problems: Continuity and Change
Social Problems: Continuity and Change is a realistic but motivating look at the many issues that are facing our society today. As this book’s subtitle, Continuity and Change, implies, social problems are persistent, but they have also improved in…
Research Methods in Psychology
While Research Methods in Psychology is fairly traditional— making it easy for you to use with your existing courses — it also emphasizes a fundamental idea that is often lost on undergraduates: research methods are not a peripheral concern in our…
Underground Water Impact Report for the Surat Cumulative Management Area
The Surat Underground Water Impact Report forms part of the regulatory framework for managing the impacts of this groundwater extraction.
X-Ray of a Hand
High energy electromagnetic radiation allows the internal structures of the body, such as bones, to be seen in X-rays like these
Medical Imaging Techniques
(a) The results of a CT scan of the head are shown as successive transverse sections. (b) An MRI machine generates a magnetic field around a patient. (c) PET scans use radiopharmaceuticals to create images of active blood flow and physiologic…
Elements of the Human Body
The main elements that compose the human body are shown from most abundant to least abundant.
The Periodic Table of the Elements
Visit this website to view the periodic table. In the periodic table of the elements, elements in a single column have the same number of electrons that can participate in a chemical reaction. These electrons are known as “valence electrons.” For…
Acids and Bases
(a) In aqueous solution, an acid dissociates into hydrogen ions (H+) and anions. Nearly every molecule of a strong acid dissociates, producing a high concentration of H+. (b) In aqueous solution, a base dissociates into hydroxyl ions (OH–) and…
Monosaccharides
A monosaccharide is a monomer of carbohydrates. Five monosaccharides are important in the body. Three of these are the hexose sugars, so called because they each contain six atoms of carbon. These are glucose, fructose, and galactose.
The remaining…
The remaining…
Disaccharides
A disaccharide is a pair of monosaccharides. Disaccharides are formed via dehydration synthesis, and the bond linking them is referred to as a glycosidic bond (glyco- = “sugar”). Three disaccharides are important to humans. These are sucrose,…
Polysaccharides
Polysaccharides can contain a few to a thousand or more monosaccharides. Three are important to the body:
Starches are polymers of glucose. They occur in long chains called amylose or branched chains called amylopectin, both of which are…
Starches are polymers of glucose. They occur in long chains called amylose or branched chains called amylopectin, both of which are…
Triglycerides
Triglycerides are composed of glycerol attached to three fatty acids via dehydration synthesis. Notice that glycerol gives up a hydrogen atom, and the carboxyl groups on the fatty acids each give up a hydroxyl group.
Other Important Lipids
(a) Phospholipids are composed of two fatty acids, glycerol, and a phosphate group. (b) Sterols are ring-shaped lipids. Shown here is cholesterol. (c) Prostaglandins are derived from unsaturated fatty acids. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) includes hydroxyl…
DNA
In the DNA double helix, two strands attach via hydrogen bonds between the bases of the component nucleotides.
Adenosine Triphosphate
The nucleotide adenosine triphosphate (ATP), is composed of a ribose sugar, an adenine base, and three phosphate groups ([link]). ATP is classified as a high energy compound because the two covalent bonds linking its three phosphates store a…
Fluorescence-stained Cell Undergoing Mitosis
A lung cell from a newt, commonly studied for its similarity to human lung cells, is stained with fluorescent dyes. The green stain reveals mitotic spindles, red is the cell membrane and part of the cytoplasm, and the structures that appear light…
Cell Membrane
The cell membrane of the cell is a phospholipid bilayer containing many different molecular components, including proteins and cholesterol, some with carbohydrate groups attached.
Simple Diffusion across the Cell (Plasma) Membrane
The structure of the lipid bilayer allows small, uncharged substances such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, and hydrophobic molecules such as lipids, to pass through the cell membrane, down their concentration gradient, by simple diffusion.
Facilitated Diffusion
(a) Facilitated diffusion of substances crossing the cell (plasma) membrane takes place with the help of proteins such as channel proteins and carrier proteins. Channel proteins are less selective than carrier proteins, and usually mildly…
Sodium-Potassium Pump
The sodium-potassium pump is found in many cell (plasma) membranes. Powered by ATP, the pump moves sodium and potassium ions in opposite directions, each against its concentration gradient. In a single cycle of the pump, three sodium ions are…
Three Forms of Endocytosis
Endocytosis is a form of active transport in which a cell envelopes extracellular materials using its cell membrane. (a) In phagocytosis, which is relatively nonselective, the cell takes in a large particle. (b) In pinocytosis, the cell takes in…
Exocytosis
Exocytosis is much like endocytosis in reverse. Material destined for export is packaged into a vesicle inside the cell. The membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane, and the contents are released into the extracellular space.
Fatty Acid Shapes
The level of saturation of a fatty acid affects its shape. (a) Saturated fatty acid chains are straight. (b) Unsaturated fatty acid chains are kinked.
Prototypical Human Cell
While this image is not indicative of any one particular human cell, it is a prototypical example of a cell containing the primary organelles and internal structures.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
(a) The ER is a winding network of thin membranous sacs found in close association with the cell nucleus. The smooth and rough endoplasmic reticula are very different in appearance and function (source: mouse tissue). (b) Rough ER is studded with…
Golgi Apparatus
(a) The Golgi apparatus manipulates products from the rough ER, and also produces new organelles called lysosomes. Proteins and other products of the ER are sent to the Golgi apparatus, which organizes, modifies, packages, and tags them. Some of…
Mitochondrion
The mitochondria are the energy-conversion factories of the cell. (a) A mitochondrion is composed of two separate lipid bilayer membranes. Along the inner membrane are various molecules that work together to produce ATP, the cell’s major energy…
The Three Components of the Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton consists of (a) microtubules, (b) microfilaments, and (c) intermediate filaments. The cytoskeleton plays an important role in maintaining cell shape and structure, promoting cellular movement, and aiding cell division.
The Nucleus
The nucleus is the control center of the cell. The nucleus of living cells contains the genetic material that determines the entire structure and function of that cell.
Multinucleate Muscle Cell
Unlike cardiac muscle cells and smooth muscle cells, which have a single nucleus, a skeletal muscle cell contains many nuclei, and is referred to as “multinucleated.” These muscle cells are long and fibrous (often referred to as muscle fibers).…
DNA Macrostructure
Strands of DNA are wrapped around supporting histones. These proteins are increasingly bundled and condensed into chromatin, which is packed tightly into chromosomes when the cell is ready to divide.
Molecular Structure of DNA
The DNA double helix is composed of two complementary strands. The strands are bonded together via their nitrogenous base pairs using hydrogen bonds.
DNA Replication
DNA replication faithfully duplicates the entire genome of the cell. During DNA replication, a number of different enzymes work together to pull apart the two strands so each strand can be used as a template to synthesize new complementary strands.…
The Genetic Code
DNA holds all of the genetic information necessary to build a cell’s proteins. The nucleotide sequence of a gene is ultimately translated into an amino acid sequence of the gene’s corresponding protein.
Transcription: from DNA to mRNA
In the first of the two stages of making protein from DNA, a gene on the DNA molecule is transcribed into a complementary mRNA molecule.
Splicing DNA
In the nucleus, a structure called a spliceosome cuts out introns (noncoding regions) within a pre-mRNA transcript and reconnects the exons.
Translation from RNA to Protein
During translation, the mRNA transcript is “read” by a functional complex consisting of the ribosome and tRNA molecules. tRNAs bring the appropriate amino acids in sequence to the growing polypeptide chain by matching their anti-codons with codons on…
From DNA to Protein: Transcription through Translation
Transcription within the cell nucleus produces an mRNA molecule, which is modified and then sent into the cytoplasm for translation. The transcript is decoded into a protein with the help of a ribosome and tRNA molecules.
A Homologous Pair of Chromosomes with their Attached Sister Chromatids
The red and blue colors correspond to a homologous pair of chromosomes. Each member of the pair was separately inherited from one parent. Each chromosome in the homologous pair is also bound to an identical sister chromatid, which is produced by DNA…
Cell Division: Mitosis
The stages of cell division oversee the separation of identical genetic material into two new nuclei, followed by the division of the cytoplasm.
Hematopoiesis
The process of hematopoiesis involves the differentiation of multipotent cells into blood and immune cells. The multipotent hematopoietic stem cells give rise to many different cell types, including the cells of the immune system and red blood cells.
Stem Cells
The capacity of stem cells to differentiate into specialized cells make them potentially valuable in therapeutic applications designed to replace damaged cells of different body tissues.
Micrograph of Cervical Tissue
This figure is a view of the regular architecture of normal tissue contrasted with the irregular arrangement of cancerous cells.
Four Types of Tissue: Body
The four types of tissues are exemplified in nervous tissue, stratified squamous epithelial tissue, cardiac muscle tissue, and connective tissue in small intestine. Clockwise from nervous tissue
Embryonic Origin of Tissues
The zygote, or fertilized egg, is a single cell formed by the fusion of an egg and sperm. After fertilization the zygote gives rise to rapid mitotic cycles, generating many cells to form the embryo. The first embryonic cells generated have the…
Tissue Membranes
The two broad categories of tissue membranes in the body are (1) connective tissue membranes, which include synovial membranes, and (2) epithelial membranes, which include mucous membranes, serous membranes, and the cutaneous membrane, in other…
Types of Cell Junctions
The three basic types of cell-to-cell junctions are tight junctions, gap junctions, and anchoring junctions.
Cells of Epithelial Tissue
Simple epithelial tissue is organized as a single layer of cells and stratified epithelial tissue is formed by several layers of cells.
Goblet Cell
(a) In the lining of the small intestine, columnar epithelium cells are interspersed with goblet cells. (b) The arrows in this micrograph point to the mucous-secreting goblet cells.
Summary of Epithelial Tissue Cells
A stratified epithelium consists of several stacked layers of cells. This epithelium protects against physical and chemical wear and tear. The stratified epithelium is named by the shape of the most apical layer of cells, closest to the free space.…
Types of Exocrine Glands
Exocrine glands are classified by their structure.
Modes of Glandular Secretion
(a) In merocrine secretion, the cell remains intact. (b) In apocrine secretion, the apical portion of the cell is released, as well. (c) In holocrine secretion, the cell is destroyed as it releases its product and the cell itself becomes part of the…
Sebaceous Glands
These glands secrete oils that lubricate and protect the skin. They are holocrine glands and they are destroyed after releasing their contents. New glandular cells form to replace the cells that are lost
Connective Tissue Proper
Fibroblasts produce this fibrous tissue. Connective tissue proper includes the fixed cells fibrocytes, adipocytes, and mesenchymal cells.
Adipose Tissue
This is a loose connective tissue that consists of fat cells with little extracellular matrix. It stores fat for energy and provides insulation.
Reticular Tissue
This is a loose connective tissue made up of a network of reticular fibers that provides a supportive framework for soft organs.
Dense Connective Tissue
(a) Dense regular connective tissue consists of collagenous fibers packed into parallel bundles. (b) Dense irregular connective tissue consists of collagenous fibers interwoven into a mesh-like network. From top,
Types of Cartilage
Cartilage is a connective tissue consisting of collagenous fibers embedded in a firm matrix of chondroitin sulfates. (a) Hyaline cartilage provides support with some flexibility. The example is from dog tissue. (b) Fibrocartilage provides some…
The Neuron
The cell body of a neuron, also called the soma, contains the nucleus and mitochondria. The dendrites transfer the nerve impulse to the soma. The axon carries the action potential away to another excitable cell.
Nervous Tissue
Nervous tissue is made up of neurons and neuroglia. The cells of nervous tissue are specialized to transmit and receive impulses
Layers of Skin
The skin is composed of two main layers: the epidermis, made of closely packed epithelial cells, and the dermis, made of dense, irregular connective tissue that houses blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands, and other structures. Beneath the…
Layers of the Epidermis
The epidermis of thick skin has five layers: stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
Cells of the Epidermis
The cells in the different layers of the epidermis originate from basal cells located in the stratum basale, yet the cells of each layer are distinctively different.
Layers of the Dermis
This stained slide shows the two components of the dermis—the papillary layer and the reticular layer. Both are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct.…
Skin Pigmentation
The relative coloration of the skin depends of the amount of melanin produced by melanocytes in the stratum basale and taken up by keratinocytes.
Moles
Moles range from benign accumulations of melanocytes to melanomas. These structures populate the landscape of our skin.
Vitiligo
Individuals with vitiligo experience depigmentation that results in lighter colored patches of skin. The condition is especially noticeable on darker skin.
Hair
Hair follicles originate in the epidermis and have many different parts.
Nails
The nail is an accessory structure of the integumentary system.
Eccrine Gland
Eccrine glands are coiled glands in the dermis that release sweat that is mostly water.
Thermoregulation
During strenuous physical activities, such as skiing (a) or running (c), the dermal blood vessels dilate and sweat secretion increases (b). These mechanisms prevent the body from overheating. In contrast, the dermal blood vessels constrict to…
Acne
Acne is a result of over-productive sebaceous glands, which leads to formation of blackheads and inflammation of the skin.
Bones Protect Brain
The cranium completely surrounds and protects the brain from non-traumatic injury.
Classifications of Bones
Bones are classified according to their shape.
Anatomy of a Long Bone
A typical long bone shows the gross anatomical characteristics of bone.
Periosteum and Endosteum
The periosteum forms the outer surface of bone, and the endosteum lines the medullary cavity.
Anatomy of a Flat Bone
This cross-section of a flat bone shows the spongy bone (diploë) lined on either side by a layer of compact bone.
Bone Features
The surface features of bones depend on their function, location, attachment of ligaments and tendons, or the penetration of blood vessels and nerves.
Bone Cells
Four types of cells are found within bone tissue. Osteogenic cells are undifferentiated and develop into osteoblasts. When osteoblasts get trapped within the calcified matrix, their structure and function changes, and they become osteocytes.…
Diagram of Compact Bone
(a) This cross-sectional view of compact bone shows the basic structural unit, the osteon. (b) In this micrograph of the osteon, you can clearly see the concentric lamellae and central canals.
Diagram of Spongy Bone
Spongy bone is composed of trabeculae that contain the osteocytes. Red marrow fills the spaces in some bones.
Paget's Disease
Normal leg bones are relatively straight, but those affected by Paget’s disease are porous and curved.
Diagram of Blood and Nerve Supply to Bone
Blood vessels and nerves enter the bone through the nutrient foramen.
Intramembranous Ossification
Intramembranous ossification follows four steps. (a) Mesenchymal cells group into clusters, and ossification centers form. (b) Secreted osteoid traps osteoblasts, which then become osteocytes. (c) Trabecular matrix and periosteum form. (d) Compact…
Endochondral Ossification
Endochondral ossification follows five steps. (a) Mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. (b) The cartilage model of the future bony skeleton and the perichondrium form. (c) Capillaries penetrate cartilage. Perichondrium transforms into…
Longitudinal Bone Growth
The epiphyseal plate is responsible for longitudinal bone growth.
Progression from Epiphyseal Plate to Epiphyseal Line
As a bone matures, the epiphyseal plate progresses to an epiphyseal line. (a) Epiphyseal plates are visible in a growing bone. (b) Epiphyseal lines are the remnants of epiphyseal plates in a mature bone.
Types of Fractures
Compare healthy bone with different types of fractures: (a) closed fracture, (b) open fracture, (c) transverse fracture, (d) spiral fracture, (e) comminuted fracture, (f) impacted fracture, (g) greenstick fracture, and (h) oblique fracture.
Stages in Fracture Repair
The healing of a bone fracture follows a series of progressive steps: (a) A fracture hematoma forms. (b) Internal and external calli form. (c) Cartilage of the calli is replaced by trabecular bone. (d) Remodeling occurs.
Synthesis of Vitamin D
Sunlight is one source of vitamin D.
Graph Showing Relationship Between Age and Bone Mass
Bone density peaks at about 30 years of age. Women lose bone mass more rapidly than men.
Pathways in Calcium Homeostasis
The body regulates calcium homeostasis with two pathways; one is signaled to turn on when blood calcium levels drop below normal and one is the pathway that is signaled to turn on when blood calcium levels are elevated.
Axial and Appendicular Skeleton
The axial skeleton supports the head, neck, back, and chest and thus forms the vertical axis of the body. It consists of the skull, vertebral column (including the sacrum and coccyx), and the thoracic cage, formed by the ribs and sternum. The…
Parts of the Skull
The skull consists of the rounded brain case that houses the brain and the facial bones that form the upper and lower jaws, nose, orbits, and other facial structures.
Anterior View of Skull
An anterior view of the skull shows the bones that form the forehead, orbits (eye sockets), nasal cavity, nasal septum, and upper and lower jaws.
Lateral View of Skull
The lateral skull shows the large rounded brain case, zygomatic arch, and the upper and lower jaws. The zygomatic arch is formed jointly by the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone. The shallow space…
Cranial Fossae
The bones of the brain case surround and protect the brain, which occupies the cranial cavity. The base of the brain case, which forms the floor of cranial cavity, is subdivided into the shallow anterior cranial fossa, the middle cranial fossa, and…
Temporal Bone
A lateral view of the isolated temporal bone shows the squamous, mastoid, and zygomatic portions of the temporal bone.
External and Internal Views of Base of Skull
(a) The hard palate is formed anteriorly by the palatine processes of the maxilla bones and posteriorly by the horizontal plate of the palatine bones. (b) The complex floor of the cranial cavity is formed by the frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, temporal,…
Posterior View of Skull
This view of the posterior skull shows attachment sites for muscles and joints that support the skull.
Sphenoid Bone
Shown in isolation in (a) superior and (b) posterior views, the sphenoid bone is a single midline bone that forms the anterior walls and floor of the middle cranial fossa. It has a pair of lesser wings and a pair of greater wings. The sella turcica…
Sagittal Section of Skull
This midline view of the sagittally sectioned skull shows the nasal septum.
Ethmoid Bone
The unpaired ethmoid bone is located at the midline within the central skull. It has an upward projection, the crista galli, and a downward projection, the perpendicular plate, which forms the upper nasal septum. The cribriform plates form both the…
Lateral Wall of Nasal Cavity
The three nasal conchae are curved bones that project from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity. The superior nasal concha and middle nasal concha are parts of the ethmoid bone. The inferior nasal concha is an independent bone of the sku
Maxillary Bone
The maxillary bone forms the upper jaw and supports the upper teeth. Each maxilla also forms the lateral floor of each orbit and the majority of the hard palate.
Isolated Mandible
The mandible is the only moveable bone of the skull.
Bones of the Orbit
Seven skull bones contribute to the walls of the orbit. Opening into the posterior orbit from the cranial cavity are the optic canal and superior orbital fissure.
Nasal Septum
The nasal septum is formed by the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and the vomer bone. The septal cartilage fills the gap between these bones and extends into the nose.
Paranasal Sinuses
The paranasal sinuses are hollow, air-filled spaces named for the skull bone that each occupies. The most anterior is the frontal sinus, located in the frontal bone above the eyebrows. The largest are the maxillary sinuses, located in the right and…
Hyoid Bone
The hyoid bone is located in the upper neck and does not join with any other bone. It provides attachments for muscles that act on the tongue, larynx, and pharynx.
Vertebral Column
The adult vertebral column consists of 24 vertebrae, plus the sacrum and coccyx. The vertebrae are divided into three regions: cervical C1–C7 vertebrae, thoracic T1–T12 vertebrae, and lumbar L1–L5 vertebrae. The vertebral column is curved, with two…
Abnormal Curvatures of the Vertebral Column
(a) Scoliosis is an abnormal lateral bending of the vertebral column. (b) An excessive curvature of the upper thoracic vertebral column is called kyphosis. (c) Lordosis is an excessive curvature in the lumbar region of the vertebral column.
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is an age-related disorder that causes the gradual loss of bone density and strength. When the thoracic vertebrae are affected, there can be a gradual collapse of the vertebrae. This results in kyphosis, an excessive curvature of the…
Parts of a Typical Vertebra
A typical vertebra consists of a body and a vertebral arch. The arch is formed by the paired pedicles and paired laminae. Arising from the vertebral arch are the transverse, spinous, superior articular, and inferior articular processes. The vertebral…
Intervertebral Disc
The bodies of adjacent vertebrae are separated and united by an intervertebral disc, which provides padding and allows for movements between adjacent vertebrae. The disc consists of a fibrous outer layer called the anulus fibrosus and a gel-like…
Cervical Vertebrae
A typical cervical vertebra has a small body, a bifid spinous process, transverse processes that have a transverse foramen and are curved for spinal nerve passage. The atlas (C1 vertebra) does not have a body or spinous process. It consists of an…
Thoracic Vertebrae
A typical thoracic vertebra is distinguished by the spinous process, which is long and projects downward to overlap the next inferior vertebra. It also has articulation sites (facets) on the vertebral body and a transverse process for rib attachment.
Lumbar Vertebrae
Lumbar vertebrae are characterized by having a large, thick body and a short, rounded spinous process.
Sacrum and Coccyx
The sacrum is formed from the fusion of five sacral vertebrae, whose lines of fusion are indicated by the transverse ridges. The fused spinous processes form the median sacral crest, while the lateral sacral crest arises from the fused transverse…
Herniated Intervertebral Disc
Weakening of the anulus fibrosus can result in herniation (protrusion) of the nucleus pulposus and compression of a spinal nerve, resulting in pain and/or muscle weakness in the body regions supplied by that nerve.
Ligaments of Vertebral Column
The anterior longitudinal ligament runs the length of the vertebral column, uniting the anterior sides of the vertebral bodies. The supraspinous ligament connects the spinous processes of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. In the posterior neck, the…
Rib Articulation in Thoracic Vertebrae
Thoracic vertebrae have superior and inferior articular facets on the vertebral body for articulation with the head of a rib, and a transverse process facet for articulation with the rib tubercle.
Thoracic Cage
The thoracic cage is formed by the (a) sternum and (b) 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages. The ribs are anchored posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae. The sternum consists of the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process. The ribs are…
Newborn Skull
The bones of the newborn skull are not fully ossified and are separated by large areas called fontanelles, which are filled with fibrous connective tissue. The fontanelles allow for continued growth of the skull after birth. At the time of birth, the…
Pectoral Girdle
The pectoral girdle consists of the clavicle and the scapula, which serve to attach the upper limb to the sternum of the axial skeleton.
Scapula
The isolated scapula is shown here from its anterior (deep) side and its posterior (superficial) side.
Humerus and Elbow Joint
The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. It articulates with the radius and ulna bones of the forearm to form the elbow joint.
Ulna and Radius
The ulna is located on the medial side of the forearm, and the radius is on the lateral side. These bones are attached to each other by an interosseous membrane.
Bones of the Wrist and Hand
The eight carpal bones form the base of the hand. These are arranged into proximal and distal rows of four bones each. The metacarpal bones form the palm of the hand. The thumb and fingers consist of the phalanx bones.
Bones of the Hand
This radiograph shows the position of the bones within the hand. Note the carpal bones that form the base of the hand
Carpal Tunnel
The carpal tunnel is the passageway by which nine muscle tendons and a major nerve enter the hand from the anterior forearm. The walls and floor of the carpal tunnel are formed by the U-shaped grouping of the carpal bones, and the roof is formed by…
Hand During Gripping
During tight gripping—compare (b) to (a)—the fourth and, particularly, the fifth metatarsal bones are pulled anteriorly. This increases the contact between the object and the medial side of the hand, thus improving the firmness of the grip.
Fractures of the Humerus and Radius
Falls or direct blows can result in fractures of the surgical neck or shaft of the humerus. Falls onto the elbow can fracture the distal humerus. A Colles fracture of the distal radius is the most common forearm fracture.
Pelvis
The pelvic girdle is formed by a single hip bone. The hip bone attaches the lower limb to the axial skeleton through its articulation with the sacrum. The right and left hip bones, plus the sacrum and the coccyx, together form the pelvis.
The Hip Bone
The adult hip bone consists of three regions. The ilium forms the large, fan-shaped superior portion, the ischium forms the posteroinferior portion, and the pubis forms the anteromedial portion.
Ligaments of the Pelvis
The posterior sacroiliac ligament supports the sacroiliac joint. The sacrospinous ligament spans the sacrum to the ischial spine, and the sacrotuberous ligament spans the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity. The sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments…
Male and Female Pelvis
The female pelvis is adapted for childbirth and is broader, with a larger subpubic angle, a rounder pelvic brim, and a wider and more shallow lesser pelvic cavity than the male pelvis.
Femur and Patella
The femur is the single bone of the thigh region. It articulates superiorly with the hip bone at the hip joint, and inferiorly with the tibia at the knee joint. The patella only articulates with the distal end of the femur.
The Q-Angle
The Q-angle is a measure of the amount of lateral deviation of the femur from the vertical line of the tibia. Adult females have a larger Q-angle due to their wider pelvis than adult males.
Tibia and Fibula
The tibia is the larger, weight-bearing bone located on the medial side of the leg. The fibula is the slender bone of the lateral side of the leg and does not bear weight.
Bones of the Foot
The bones of the foot are divided into three groups. The posterior foot is formed by the seven tarsal bones. The mid-foot has the five metatarsal bones. The toes contain the phalanges.
Embryo at Seven Weeks
Limb buds are visible in an embryo at the end of the seventh week of development (embryo derived from an ectopic pregnancy)
Clubfoot
Clubfoot
This photograph shows a baby with a clubfoot.Clubfoot is a common deformity of the ankle and foot that is present at birth. Most cases are corrected without surgery, and affected individuals will grow up to lead normal, active lives.…
This photograph shows a baby with a clubfoot.Clubfoot is a common deformity of the ankle and foot that is present at birth. Most cases are corrected without surgery, and affected individuals will grow up to lead normal, active lives.…
Suture Joints of Skull
The suture joints of the skull are an example of a synarthrosis, an immobile or essentially immobile joint.
Multiaxial Joint
A multiaxial joint, such as the hip joint, allows for three types of movement: anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, and rotational.
Fibrous Joints
Fibrous joints form strong connections between bones. (a) Sutures join most bones of the skull. (b) An interosseous membrane forms a syndesmosis between the radius and ulna bones of the forearm. (c) A gomphosis is a specialized fibrous joint that…
The Newborn Skull
The fontanelles of a newborn’s skull are broad areas of fibrous connective tissue that form fibrous joints between the bones of the skull.
Cartiliginous Joints
At cartilaginous joints, bones are united by hyaline cartilage to form a synchondrosis or by fibrocartilage to form a symphysis. (a) The hyaline cartilage of the epiphyseal plate (growth plate) forms a synchondrosis that unites the shaft (diaphysis)…
Synovial Joints
Synovial joints allow for smooth movements between the adjacent bones. The joint is surrounded by an articular capsule that defines a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid. The articulating surfaces of the bones are covered by a thin layer of…
Bursae
Bursae are fluid-filled sacs that serve to prevent friction between skin, muscle, or tendon and an underlying bone. Three major bursae and a fat pad are part of the complex joint that unites the femur and tibia of the leg.
Types of Synovial Joints
The six types of synovial joints allow the body to move in a variety of ways. (a) Pivot joints allow for rotation around an axis, such as between the first and second cervical vertebrae, which allows for side-to-side rotation of the head. (b) The…
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis of a synovial joint results from aging or prolonged joint wear and tear. These cause erosion and loss of the articular cartilage covering the surfaces of the bones, resulting in inflammation that causes joint stiffness and pain.
Movements of the Body, Part 1
Synovial joints give the body many ways in which to move. (a)–(b) Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist, metacarpophalangeal,…
Movements of the Body, Part 2
(g) Supination of the forearm turns the hand to the palm forward position in which the radius and ulna are parallel, while forearm pronation turns the hand to the palm backward position in which the radius crosses over the ulna to form an "X." (h)…
Atlantoaxial Joint
The atlantoaxial joint is a pivot type of joint between the dens portion of the axis (C2 vertebra) and the anterior arch of the atlas (C1 vertebra), with the dens held in place by a ligament.
Temporomandibular Joint
The temporomandibular joint is the articulation between the temporal bone of the skull and the condyle of the mandible, with an articular disc located between these bones. During depression of the mandible (opening of the mouth), the mandibular…
Glenohumeral Joint
The glenohumeral (shoulder) joint is a ball-and-socket joint that provides the widest range of motions. It has a loose articular capsule and is supported by ligaments and the rotator cuff muscles.
Elbow Joint
(a) The elbow is a hinge joint that allows only for flexion and extension of the forearm. (b) It is supported by the ulnar and radial collateral ligaments. (c) The annular ligament supports the head of the radius at the proximal radioulnar joint, the…
Hip Joint
(a) The ball-and-socket joint of the hip is a multiaxial joint that provides both stability and a wide range of motion. (b–c) When standing, the supporting ligaments are tight, pulling the head of the femur into the acetabulum.
Knee Joint
(a) The knee joint is the largest joint of the body. (b)–(c) It is supported by the tibial and fibular collateral ligaments located on the sides of the knee outside of the articular capsule, and the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments found…
Knee Injury
A strong blow to the lateral side of the extended knee will cause three injuries, in sequence: tearing of the tibial collateral ligament, damage to the medial meniscus, and rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament.
Ankle Joint
The talocrural (ankle) joint is a uniaxial hinge joint that only allows for dorsiflexion or plantar flexion of the foot. Movements at the subtalar joint, between the talus and calcaneus bones, combined with motions at other intertarsal joints,…
The Three Types of Muscle Tissue
The body contains three types of muscle tissue: (a) skeletal muscle, (b) smooth muscle, and (c) cardiac muscle.
The Three Connective Tissue Layers
Bundles of muscle fibers, called fascicles, are covered by the perimysium. Muscle fibers are covered by the endomysium.
Muscle Fiber
A skeletal muscle fiber is surrounded by a plasma membrane called the sarcolemma, which contains sarcoplasm, the cytoplasm of muscle cells. A muscle fiber is composed of many fibrils, which give the cell its striated appearance.
The Sarcomere
The sarcomere, the region from one Z-line to the next Z-line, is the functional unit of a skeletal muscle fiber.
Motor End-Plate and Innervation
At the NMJ, the axon terminal releases ACh. The motor end-plate is the location of the ACh-receptors in the muscle fiber sarcolemma. When ACh molecules are released, they diffuse across a minute space called the synaptic cleft and bind to the…
The T-tubule
Narrow T-tubules permit the conduction of electrical impulses. The SR functions to regulate intracellular levels of calcium. Two terminal cisternae (where enlarged SR connects to the T-tubule) and one T-tubule comprise a triad—a “threesome” of…
Contraction of a Muscle Fiber
A cross-bridge forms between actin and the myosin heads triggering contraction. As long as Ca++ ions remain in the sarcoplasm to bind to troponin, and as long as ATP is available, the muscle fiber will continue to shorten.
Relaxation of a Muscle Fiber
Ca++ ions are pumped back into the SR, which causes the tropomyosin to reshield the binding sites on the actin strands. A muscle may also stop contracting when it runs out of ATP and becomes fatigued.
The Sliding Filament Model of Muscle Contraction
When a sarcomere contracts, the Z lines move closer together, and the I band becomes smaller. The A band stays the same width. At full contraction, the thin and thick filaments overlap completely.
Skeletal Muscle Contraction
(a) The active site on actin is exposed as calcium binds to troponin. (b) The myosin head is attracted to actin, and myosin binds actin at its actin-binding site, forming the cross-bridge. (c) During the power stroke, the phosphate generated in the…
Muscle Metabolism
(a) Some ATP is stored in a resting muscle. As contraction starts, it is used up in seconds. More ATP is generated from creatine phosphate for about 15 seconds. (b) Each glucose molecule produces two ATP and two molecules of pyruvic acid, which can…
Types of Muscle Contractions
During isotonic contractions, muscle length changes to move a load. During isometric contractions, muscle length does not change because the load exceeds the tension the muscle can generate.
Atrophy
Muscle mass is reduced as muscles atrophy with disuse.
Cardiac Muscle
Intercalated discs are part of the cardiac muscle sarcolemma and they contain gap junctions and desmosomes.
Smooth Muscle Tissue
Smooth muscle tissue is found around organs in the digestive, respiratory, reproductive tracts and the iris of the eye.
Muscle Contraction
The dense bodies and intermediate filaments are networked through the sarcoplasm, which cause the muscle fiber to contract.
Motor Units
A series of axon-like swelling, called varicosities or “boutons,” from autonomic neurons form motor units through the smooth muscle.
Prime Movers and Synergists
The biceps brachii flex the lower arm. The brachoradialis, in the forearm, and brachialis, located deep to the biceps in the upper arm, are both synergists that aid in this motion.
Muscle Shapes and Fiber Alignment
The skeletal muscles of the body typically come in seven different general shapes.
Overview of the Muscular System
On the anterior and posterior views of the muscular system above, superficial muscles (those at the surface) are shown on the right side of the body while deep muscles (those underneath the superficial muscles) are shown on the left half of the body.…
Muscles of Facial Expression
Many of the muscles of facial expression insert into the skin surrounding the eyelids, nose and mouth, producing facial expressions by moving the skin rather than bones.
Muscles of the Eyes
(a) The extrinsic eye muscles originate outside of the eye on the skull. (b) Each muscle inserts onto the eyeball.
Muscles That Move the Lower Jaw
The muscles that move the lower jaw are typically located within the cheek and originate from processes in the skull. This provides the jaw muscles with the large amount of leverage needed for chewing.
Muscles That Move the Tongue
Tongue muscles can be extrinsic or intrinsic. Extrinsic tongue muscles insert into the tongue from outside origins, and the intrinsic tongue muscles insert into the tongue from origins within it. The extrinsic muscles move the whole tongue in…
Muscles of the Anterior Neck
The anterior muscles of the neck facilitate swallowing and speech. The suprahyoid muscles originate from above the hyoid bone in the chin region. The infrahyoid muscles originate below the hyoid bone in the lower neck.
Posterior and Lateral Views of the Neck
The superficial and deep muscles of the neck are responsible for moving the head, cervical vertebrae, and scapulas.
Muscles of the Neck and Back
The large, complex muscles of the neck and back move the head, shoulders, and vertebral column.
Muscles of the Abdomen
(a) The anterior abdominal muscles include the medially located rectus abdominis, which is covered by a sheet of connective tissue called the rectus sheath. On the flanks of the body, medial to the rectus abdominis, the abdominal wall is composed of…
Muscles of the Diaphragm
The diaphragm separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
Intercostal Muscles
The external intercostals are located laterally on the sides of the body. The internal intercostals are located medially near the sternum. The innermost intercostals are located deep to both the internal and external intercostals.
Muscles of the Pelvic Floor
The pelvic floor muscles support the pelvic organs, resist intra-abdominal pressure, and work as sphincters for the urethra, rectum, and vagina.
Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle
The muscles that stabilize the pectoral girdle make it a steady base on which other muscles can move the arm. Note that the pectoralis major and deltoid, which move the humerus, are cut here to show the deeper positioning muscles.
Muscles That Move the Humerus
(a, c) The muscles that move the humerus anteriorly are generally located on the anterior side of the body and originate from the sternum (e.g., pectoralis major) or the anterior side of the scapula (e.g., subscapularis). (b) The muscles that move…
Muscles That Move the Forearm
The muscles originating in the upper arm flex, extend, pronate, and supinate the forearm. The muscles originating in the forearm move the wrists, hands, and fingers.
Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand
The intrinsic muscles of the hand both originate and insert within the hand. These muscles provide the fine motor control of the fingers by flexing, extending, abducting, and adducting the more distal finger and thumb segments.
Hip and Thigh Muscles
The large and powerful muscles of the hip that move the femur generally originate on the pelvic girdle and insert into the femur. The muscles that move the lower leg typically originate on the femur and insert into the bones of the knee joint. The…
Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot
The muscles along the dorsal side of the foot (a) generally extend the toes while the muscles of the plantar side of the foot (b, c, d) generally flex the toes. The plantar muscles exist in three layers, providing the foot the strength to…
Muscles of the Lower Leg
The muscles of the anterior compartment of the lower leg are generally responsible for dorsiflexion, and the muscles of the posterior compartment of the lower leg are generally responsible for plantar flexion. The lateral and medial muscles in both…
Central and Peripheral Nervous System
The structures of the PNS are referred to as ganglia and nerves, which can be seen as distinct structures. The equivalent structures in the CNS are not obvious from this overall perspective and are best examined in prepared tissue under the…
What Is a Nucleus
(a) The nucleus of an atom contains its protons and neutrons. (b) The nucleus of a cell is the organelle that contains DNA. (c) A nucleus in the CNS is a localized center of function with the cell bodies of several neurons, shown here circled in red
Optic Nerve Versus Optic Tract
This drawing of the connections of the eye to the brain shows the optic nerve extending from the eye to the chiasm, where the structure continues as the optic tract. The same axons extend from the eye to the brain through these two bundles of fibers,…
Somatic, Autonomic, and Enteric Structures of the Nervous System
Somatic structures include the spinal nerves, both motor and sensory fibers, as well as the sensory ganglia (posterior root ganglia and cranial nerve ganglia). Autonomic structures are found in the nerves also, but include the sympathetic and…
Parts of a Neuron
The major parts of the neuron are labeled on a multipolar neuron from the CNS.
Neuron Classification by Shape
Unipolar cells have one process that includes both the axon and dendrite. Bipolar cells have two processes, the axon and a dendrite. Multipolar cells have more than two processes, the axon and two or more dendrites.
Other Neuron Classifications
Three examples of neurons that are classified on the basis of other criteria. (a) The pyramidal cell is a multipolar cell with a cell body that is shaped something like a pyramid. (b) The Purkinje cell in the cerebellum was named after the scientist…
Glial Cells of the CNS
The CNS has astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells that support the neurons of the CNS in several ways.
Glial Cells of the PNS
The PNS has satellite cells and Schwann cells.
The Process of Myelination
Myelinating glia wrap several layers of cell membrane around the cell membrane of an axon segment. A single Schwann cell insulates a segment of a peripheral nerve, whereas in the CNS, an oligodendrocyte may provide insulation for a few separate axon…
Testing the Water
(1) The sensory neuron has endings in the skin that sense a stimulus such as water temperature. The strength of the signal that starts here is dependent on the strength of the stimulus. (2) The graded potential from the sensory endings, if strong…
The Sensory Input
Receptors in the skin sense the temperature of the water.
The Motor Response
On the basis of the sensory input and the integration in the CNS, a motor response is formulated and executed.
Cell Membrane and Transmembrane Proteins
The cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer and has many transmembrane proteins, including different types of channel proteins that serve as ion channels.
Ligand-Gated Channels
When the ligand, in this case the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, binds to a specific location on the extracellular surface of the channel protein, the pore opens to allow select ions through. The ions, in this case, are cations of sodium, calcium,…
Voltage-Gated Channels
Voltage-gated channels open when the transmembrane voltage changes around them. Amino acids in the structure of the protein are sensitive to charge and cause the pore to open to the selected ion.
Leakage Channels
In certain situations, ions need to move across the membrane randomly. The particular electrical properties of certain cells are modified by the presence of this type of channel.
Graded Potentials
Graded potentials are temporary changes in the membrane voltage, the characteristics of which depend on the size of the stimulus. Some types of stimuli cause depolarization of the membrane, whereas others cause hyperpolarization. It depends on the…
The Synapse
The synapse is a connection between a neuron and its target cell (which is not necessarily a neuron). The presynaptic element is the synaptic end bulb of the axon where Ca2+ enters the bulb to cause vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release. The…
Receptor Types
(a) An ionotropic receptor is a channel that opens when the neurotransmitter binds to it. (b) A metabotropic receptor is a complex that causes metabolic changes in the cell when the neurotransmitter binds to it (1). After binding, the G protein…
Early Embryonic Development of Nervous System
The neuroectoderm begins to fold inward to form the neural groove. As the two sides of the neural groove converge, they form the neural tube, which lies beneath the ectoderm. The anterior end of the neural tube will develop into the brain, and the…
Primary and Secondary Vesicle Stages of Development
The embryonic brain develops complexity through enlargements of the neural tube called vesicles; (a) The primary vesicle stage has three regions, and (b) the secondary vesicle stage has five regions.
Spinal Bifida
(a) Spina bifida is a birth defect of the spinal cord caused when the neural tube does not completely close, but the rest of development continues. The result is the emergence of meninges and neural tissue through the vertebral column. (b) Fetal…
The Cerebrum
The cerebrum is a large component of the CNS in humans, and the most obvious aspect of it is the folded surface called the cerebral cortex.
Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex
The cerebral cortex is divided into four lobes. Extensive folding increases the surface area available for cerebral functions.
Brodmann's Areas of the Cerebral Cortex
Brodmann mapping of functionally distinct regions of the cortex was based on its cytoarchitecture at a microscopic level.
Frontal Section of Cerebral Cortex and Basal Nuclei
The major components of the basal nuclei, shown in a frontal section of the brain, are the caudate (just lateral to the lateral ventricle), the putamen (inferior to the caudate and separated by the large white-matter structure called the internal…
The Diencephalon
The diencephalon is composed primarily of the thalamus and hypothalamus, which together define the walls of the third ventricle. The thalami are two elongated, ovoid structures on either side of the midline that make contact in the middle. The…
The Brain Stem
The brain stem comprises three regions: the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla.
The Cerebellum
The cerebellum is situated on the posterior surface of the brain stem. Descending input from the cerebellum enters through the large white matter structure of the pons. Ascending input from the periphery and spinal cord enters through the fibers of…
Cross-section of Spinal Cord
The cross-section of a thoracic spinal cord segment shows the posterior, anterior, and lateral horns of gray matter, as well as the posterior, anterior, and lateral columns of white matter
Circle of Willis
The blood supply to the brain enters through the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries, eventually giving rise to the circle of Willis.
Dural Sinuses and Veins
Blood drains from the brain through a series of sinuses that connect to the jugular veins.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation
The choroid plexus in the four ventricles produce CSF, which is circulated through the ventricular system and then enters the subarachnoid space through the median and lateral apertures. The CSF is then reabsorbed into the blood at the arachnoid…
Dorsal Root Ganglion
The cell bodies of sensory neurons, which are unipolar neurons by shape, are seen in this photomicrograph. Also, the fibrous region is composed of the axons of these neurons that are passing through the ganglion to be part of the dorsal nerve root…
Spinal Cord and Root Ganglion
The slide includes both a cross-section of the lumbar spinal cord and a section of the dorsal root ganglion (see also [link]) (tissue source: canine).
Nerve Structure
The structure of a nerve is organized by the layers of connective tissue on the outside, around each fascicle, and surrounding the individual nerve fibers (tissue source: simian).
Close-Up of Nerve Trunk
Zoom in on this slide of a nerve trunk to examine the endoneurium, perineurium, and epineurium in greater detail (tissue source: simian).
The Cranial Nerves
The anatomical arrangement of the roots of the cranial nerves observed from an inferior view of the brain.
Nerve Plexuses of the Body
There are four main nerve plexuses in the human body. The cervical plexus supplies nerves to the posterior head and neck, as well as to the diaphragm. The brachial plexus supplies nerves to the arm. The lumbar plexus supplies nerves to the anterior…
Receptor Classification by Cell Type
Receptor cell types can be classified on the basis of their structure. Sensory neurons can have either (a) free nerve endings or (b) encapsulated endings. Photoreceptors in the eyes, such as rod cells, are examples of (c) specialized receptor cells.…
The Tongue
The tongue is covered with small bumps, called papillae, which contain taste buds that are sensitive to chemicals in ingested food or drink. Different types of papillae are found in different regions of the tongue. The taste buds contain specialized…
The Olfactory System
(a) The olfactory system begins in the peripheral structures of the nasal cavity. (b) The olfactory receptor neurons are within the olfactory epithelium. (c) Axons of the olfactory receptor neurons project through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid…
Structures of the Ear
The external ear contains the auricle, ear canal, and tympanic membrane. The middle ear contains the ossicles and is connected to the pharynx by the Eustachian tube. The inner ear contains the cochlea and vestibule, which are responsible for audition…
Transmission of Sound Waves to Cochlea
A sound wave causes the tympanic membrane to vibrate. This vibration is amplified as it moves across the malleus, incus, and stapes. The amplified vibration is picked up by the oval window causing pressure waves in the fluid of the scala vestibuli…
Cross Section of the Cochlea
The three major spaces within the cochlea are highlighted. The scala tympani and scala vestibuli lie on either side of the cochlear duct. The organ of Corti, containing the mechanoreceptor hair cells, is adjacent to the scala tympani, where it sits…
Hair Cell
The hair cell is a mechanoreceptor with an array of stereocilia emerging from its apical surface. The stereocilia are tethered together by proteins that open ion channels when the array is bent toward the tallest member of their array, and closed…
Cochlea and Organ of Corti
a given region of the basilar membrane will only move if the incoming sound is at a specific frequency. Because the tectorial membrane only moves where the basilar membrane moves, the hair cells in this region will also only respond to sounds of this…
Frequency Coding in the Cochlea
The standing sound wave generated in the cochlea by the movement of the oval window deflects the basilar membrane on the basis of the frequency of sound. Therefore, hair cells at the base of the cochlea are activated only by high frequencies, whereas…
Linear Acceleration Coding by Maculae
The maculae are specialized for sensing linear acceleration, such as when gravity acts on the tilting head, or if the head starts moving in a straight line. The difference in inertia between the hair cell stereocilia and the otolithic membrane in…
Rotational Coding by Semicircular Canals
Rotational movement of the head is encoded by the hair cells in the base of the semicircular canals. As one of the canals moves in an arc with the head, the internal fluid moves in the opposite direction, causing the cupula and stereocilia to bend.…
The Eye in the Orbit
The eye is located within the orbit and surrounded by soft tissues that protect and support its function. The orbit is surrounded by cranial bones of the skull.
Extraocular Muscles
The extraocular muscles move the eye within the orbit.
Structure of the Eye
The sphere of the eye can be divided into anterior and posterior chambers. The wall of the eye is composed of three layers: the fibrous tunic, vascular tunic, and neural tunic. Within the neural tunic is the retina, with three layers of cells and two…
Photoreceptor
(a) All photoreceptors have inner segments containing the nucleus and other important organelles and outer segments with membrane arrays containing the photosensitive opsin molecules. Rod outer segments are long columnar shapes with stacks of…
Retinal Isomers
The retinal molecule has two isomers, (a) one before a photon interacts with it and (b) one that is altered through photoisomerization.
Comparison of Color Sensitivity of Photopigments
Comparing the peak sensitivity and absorbance spectra of the four photopigments suggests that they are most sensitive to particular wavelengths.
Ascending Sensory Pathways of the Spinal Cord
The dorsal column system and spinothalamic tract are the major ascending pathways that connect the periphery with the brain.
Auditory Brain Stem Mechanisms of Sound Localization
Localizing sound in the horizontal plane is achieved by processing in the medullary nuclei of the auditory system. Connections between neurons on either side are able to compare very slight differences in sound stimuli that arrive at either ear and…
Vestibulo-ocular Reflex
Connections between the vestibular system and the cranial nerves controlling eye movement keep the eyes centered on a visual stimulus, even though the head is moving. During head movement, the eye muscles move the eyes in the opposite direction as…
Segregation of Visual Field Information at the Optic Chiasm
Contralateral visual field information from the lateral retina projects to the ipsilateral brain, whereas ipsilateral visual field information has to decussate at the optic chiasm to reach the opposite side of the brain.
The Sensory Homunculus
A cartoon representation of the sensory homunculus arranged adjacent to the cortical region in which the processing takes place.
Topographic Mapping of the Retina onto the Visual Cortex
The visual field projects onto the retina through the lenses and falls on the retinae as an inverted, reversed image. The topography of this image is maintained as the visual information travels through the visual pathway to the cortex.
Retinal Disparity
Because of the interocular distance, which results in objects of different distances falling on different spots of the two retinae, the brain can extract depth perception from the two-dimensional information of the visual field.
Ventral and Dorsal Visual Streams
From the primary visual cortex in the occipital lobe, visual processing continues in two streams—one into the temporal lobe and one into the parietal lobe.
Corticospinal Tract
The major descending tract that controls skeletal muscle movements is the corticospinal tract. It is composed of two neurons, the upper motor neuron and the lower motor neuron. The upper motor neuron has its cell body in the primary motor cortex of…
Connections of Parasympathetic Division of the Autonomic Nervous System
Neurons from brain-stem nuclei, or from the lateral horn of the sacral spinal cord, project to terminal ganglia near or within the various organs of the body. Axons from these ganglionic neurons then project the short distance to those target…
Autonomic Varicosities
The connection between autonomic fibers and target effectors is not the same as the typical synapse, such as the neuromuscular junction. Instead of a synaptic end bulb, a neurotransmitter is released from swellings along the length of a fiber that…
Comparison of Somatic and Visceral Reflexes
The afferent inputs to somatic and visceral reflexes are essentially the same, whereas the efferent branches are different. Somatic reflexes, for instance, involve a direct connection from the ventral horn of the spinal cord to the skeletal muscle.…
Genetika dan Sel
Open Educational Resource (OER) Unsyiah adalah satu satu Portal yang dikembangkan oleh Perpustakaan Universitas Syiah Kuala. OER Unsyiah berbasis Open Acces untuk siapa saja dan di mana saja. Bahkan Kami juga akan menerima kontribusi yang ingin ikut…
Logaritma
Open Educational Resource (OER) Unsyiah adalah satu satu Portal yang dikembangkan oleh Perpustakaan Universitas Syiah Kuala. OER Unsyiah berbasis Open Acces untuk siapa saja dan di mana saja. Bahkan Kami juga akan menerima kontribusi yang ingin ikut…
The Nose and its Adjacent Structures
Several bones that help form the walls of the nasal cavity have air-containing spaces called the paranasal sinuses, which serve to warm and humidify incoming air. Sinuses are lined with a mucosa. Each paranasal sinus is named for its associated bone:…
Map of Mathematics Poster
All of mathematics summarised in one poster.
Calculus -- The foundation of modern science
Easy to understand explanation of integrals and derivatives using 3D animations.
An Introduction to Sustainable Business
Going green, green business, and sustainable business are topics on everyone’s mind. But what does all this mean exactly? A Primer on Sustainable Business answers that question and provides an introduction to the basics you need to know. We begin…
Basic Suturing: How to Suture
In this video, I demonstrate the surgeon's knot and the square knot and give some general beginner tips on how to suture.
Drug Formulations
This is a tutorial/lecture on Drug Formulations. We cover some topics important for classes such as Biochemistry and Pharmacology.
Intro To Psychology
Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior. The word “psychology” comes from the
Greek words “psyche,” meaning life, and “logos,” meaning explanation. Psychology is a popular
major for students, a popular topic in the public media, and…
Greek words “psyche,” meaning life, and “logos,” meaning explanation. Psychology is a popular
major for students, a popular topic in the public media, and…
Pharmacokinetics/ADME Of Drugs | Pharmacology Online Lecture-1 | For Upcoming D.Pharm & B.Pharm Exam
In this video , we have discussed about PHARMACOKINETICS OF DRUGS - ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION, METABOLISM, EXCRETION (ADME) IN BRIEF. Watch the video till the end to get complete information regarding pharmacokinetics of drugs.
Topic discussed in the…
Topic discussed in the…
English Speaking Course in Hindi for Beginners English Speaking Tutorial
If you just started learning English, you first need to know some basic rules of the language. Developing a solid foundation in English grammar will not only help you create your own sentences correctly but will also make it easier to improve…